Gaia Data Release 2. Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Gaia Collaboration; C. Babusiaux; F. van Leeuwen; M. A. Barstow; C. Jordi; A. Vallenari; D. Bossini; A. Bressan; T. Cantat-Gaudin; M. van Leeuwen; A. G. A. Brown; T. Prusti; J. H. J. de Bruijne; C. A. L. Bailer-Jones; M. Biermann; D. W. Evans; L. Eyer; F. Jansen; S. A. Klioner; U. Lammers; L. Lindegren; X. Luri; F. Mignard; C. Panem; D. Pourbaix; S. Randich; P. Sartoretti; H. I. Siddiqui; C. Soubiran; N. A. Walton; F. Arenou; U. Bastian; M. Cropper; R. Drimmel; D. Katz; M. G. Lattanzi; J. Bakker; C. Cacciari; J. Castañeda; L. Chaoul; N. Cheek; F. Deangeli; C. Fabricius; R. Guerra; B. Holl; E. Masana; R. Messineo; N. Mowlavi; K. Nienartowicz; P. Panuzzo; J. Portell; M. Riello; G. M. Seabroke; P. Tanga; F. Thévenin; G. Gracia-Abril; G. Comoretto; M. Garcia-Reinaldos; D. Teyssier; M. Altmann; R. Andrae; M. Audard; I. Bellas-Velidis; K. Benson; J. Berthier; R. Blomme; P. Burgess; G. Busso; B. Carry; A. Cellino; G. Clementini; M. Clotet; O. Creevey; M. Davidson; J. Deridder; L. Delchambre; A. Dell'Oro; C. Ducourant; J. Fernández-Hernández; M. Fouesneau; Y. Frémat; L. Galluccio; M. García-Torres; J. González-Núñez; J. J. González-Vidal; E. Gosset; L. P. Guy; J. -L. Halbwachs; N. C. Hambly; D. L. Harrison; J. Hernandez; D. Hestroffer; S. T. Hodgkin; A. Hutton; Gérard Jasniewicz; A. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo; S. Jordan; A. J. Korn; A. Krone-Martins; A. C. Lanzafame; T. Lebzelter; W. Löffler; M. Manteiga; P. M. Marrese; J. M. Martín-Fleitas; A. Moitinho; A. Mora; K. Muinonen; J. Osinde; E. Pancino; T. Pauwels; J. -M. Petit; A. Recio-Blanco; P. J. Richards; L. Rimoldini; A. C. Robin; L. M. Sarro; C. Siopis; M. Smith; A. Sozzetti; M. Süveges; J. Torra; W. Vanreeven; U. Abbas; A. Abreu Aramburu; S. Accart; C. Aerts; G. Altavilla; M. A. Álvarez; R. Alvarez; J. Alves; R. I. Anderson; A. H. Andrei; E. Anglada Varela; E. Antiche; T. Antoja; B. Arcay; T. L. Astraatmadja; N. Bach; S. G. Baker; L. Balaguer-Núñez; P. Balm; C. Barache; C. Barata; D. Barbato; F. Barblan; P. S. Barklem; D. Barrado; M. Barros; S. Bartholomé Muñoz; J. -L. Bassilana; U. Becciani; M. Bellazzini; A. Berihuete; Stefano Bertone; L. Bianchi; O. Bienaymé; S. Blanco-Cuaresma; T. Boch; C. Boeche; A. Bombrun; R. Borrachero; S. Bouquillon; G. Bourda; A. Bragaglia; L. Bramante; M. A. Breddels; N. Brouillet; T. Brüsemeister; E. Brugaletta; B. Bucciarelli; A. Burlacu; D. Busonero; A. G. Butkevich; R. Buzzi; E. Caffau; R. Cancelliere; G. Cannizzaro; R. Carballo; T. Carlucci; J. M. Carrasco; L. Casamiquela; M. Castellani; A. Castro-Ginard; P. Charlot; L. Chemin; A. Chiavassa; G. Cocozza; G. Costigan; S. Cowell; F. Crifo; M. Crosta; C. Crowley; J. Cuypers; C. Dafonte; Y. Damerdji; A. Dapergolas; P. David; M. David; P. Delaverny; F. Deluise; R. Demarch; D. Demartino; R. Desouza; A. Detorres; J. Debosscher; E. Delpozo; M. Delbò; A. Delgado; H. E. Delgado; S. Diakité; C. Diener; E. Distefano; C. Dolding; P. Drazinos; J. Durán; B. Edvardsson; H. Enke; K. Eriksson; P. Esquej; G. Eynard Bontemps; C. Fabre; M. Fabrizio; S. Faigler; A. J. Falcao; M. Farràs Casas; L. Federici; G. Fedorets; P. Fernique; F. Figueras; F. Filippi; K. Findeisen; A. Fonti; E. Fraile; M. Fraser; B. Frézouls; M. Gai; S. Galleti; D. Garabato; F. García-Sedano; A. Garofalo; N. Garralda; A. Gavel; P. Gavras; J. Gerssen; R. Geyer; P. Giacobbe; G. Gilmore; S. Girona; G. Giuffrida; F. Glass; M. Gomes; M. Granvik; A. Gueguen; A. Guerrier; J. Guiraud; R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez; R. Haigron; D. Hatzidimitriou; M. Hauser; M. Haywood; U. Heiter; A. Helmi; J. Heu; T. Hilger; D. Hobbs; W. Hofmann; G. Holland; H. E. Huckle; A. Hypki; V. Icardi; K. Janssen; G. Jevardatdefombelle; P. G. Jonker; Á. L. Juhász; F. Julbe; A. Karampelas; A. Kewley; J. Klar; A. Kochoska; R. Kohley; K. Kolenberg; M. Kontizas; E. Kontizas; S. E. Koposov; G. Kordopatis; Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska; P. Koubsky; S. Lambert; A. F. Lanza; Y. Lasne; J. -B. Lavigne; Y. Lefustec; C. Leponcin-Lafitte; Y. Lebreton; S. Leccia; N. Leclerc; I. Lecoeur-Taibi; H. Lenhardt; F. Leroux; S. Liao; E. Licata; H. E. P. Lindstrøm; T. A. Lister; E. Livanou; A. Lobel; M. Lopez; S. Managau; R. G. Mann; G. Mantelet; O. Marchal; J. M. Marchant; M. Marconi; S. Marinoni; G. Marschalkó; D. J. Marshall; M. Martino; G. Marton; N. Mary; D. Massari; G. Matijevic; T. Mazeh; P. J. Mcmillan; S. Messina; D. Michalik; N. R. Millar; D. Molina; R. Molinaro; L. Molnár; P. Montegriffo; R. Mor; R. Morbidelli; T. Morel; D. Morris; A. F. Mulone; T. Muraveva; I. Musella; G. Nelemans; L. Nicastro; L. Noval; W. O’mullane; C. Ordénovic; D. Ordóñez-Blanco; P. Osborne; C. Pagani; I. Pagano; F. Pailler; H. Palacin; L. Palaversa; A. Panahi; M. Pawlak; A. M. Piersimoni; F.-X. Pineau; E. Plachy; G. Plum; E. Poggio; E. Poujoulet; A. Prša; L. Pulone; E. Racero; S. Ragaini; N. Rambaux; M. Ramos-Lerate; S. Regibo; C. Reylé; F. Riclet; V. Ripepi; A. Riva; A. Rivard; G. Rixon; T. Roegiers; M. Roelens; M. Romero-Gómez; N. Rowell; F. Royer; L. Ruiz-Dern; G. Sadowski; T. Sagristà Sellés; J. Sahlmann; J. Salgado; E. Salguero; N. Sanna; T. Santana-Ros; M. Sarasso; H. Savietto; M. Schultheis; E. Sciacca; M. Segol; J. C. Segovia; D. Ségransan; I-C. Shih; L. Siltala; A. F. Silva; R. L. Smart; K. W. Smith; E. Solano; F. Solitro; R. Sordo; S. Soria Nieto; J. Souchay; A. Spagna; F. Spoto; U. Stampa; I. A. Steele; H. Steidelmüller; C. A. Stephenson; H. Stoev; F. F. Suess; J. Surdej; L. Szabados; E. Szegedi-Elek; D. Tapiador; F. Taris; G. Tauran; M. B. Taylor; R. Teixeira; D. Terrett; P. Teyssandier; W. Thuillot; A. Titarenko; F. Torra Clotet; C. Turon; A. Ulla; E. Utrilla; S. Uzzi; M. Vaillant; G. Valentini; V. Valette; A. Van Elteren; E. Van Hemelryck; M. Vaschetto; A. Vecchiato; J. Veljanoski; Y. Viala; D. Vicente; S. Vogt; C. Von Essen; H. Voss; V. Votruba; S. Voutsinas; G. Walmsley; M. Weiler; O. Wertz; T. Wevers; Ł. Wyrzykowski; A. Yoldas; M. Žerjal; H. Ziaeepour; J. Zorec; S. Zschocke; S. Zucker; C. Zurbach; T. Zwitter

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832843

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Gaia Data Release 2. Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Journal article

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Gaia Data Release 2. Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Gaia Collaboration, C. Babusiaux, F. van Leeuwen, M. A. Barstow, C. Jordi, A. Vallenari, D. Bossini, A. Bressan, T. Cantat-Gaudin, M. van Leeuwen, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.616

08/2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832843

Abstract

Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for completeness in terms of types of stars or stellar evolutionary aspects. Instead, we have chosen several illustrative examples. We describe some of the selections that can be made in Gaia DR2 to highlight the main structures of the Gaia HRDs. We select both field and cluster (open and globular) stars, compare the observations with previous classifications and with stellar evolutionary tracks, and we present variations of the Gaia HRD with age, metallicity, and kinematics. Late stages of stellar evolution such as hot subdwarfs, post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and white dwarfs are also analysed, as well as low-mass brown dwarf objects. The Gaia HRDs are unprecedented in both precision and coverage of the various Milky Way stellar populations and stellar evolutionary phases. Many fine structures of the HRDs are presented. The clear split of the white dwarf sequence into hydrogen and helium white dwarfs is presented for the first time in an HRD. The relation between kinematics and the HRD is nicely illustrated. Two different populations in a classical kinematic selection of the halo are unambiguously identified in the HRD. Membership and mean parameters for a selected list of open clusters are provided. They allow drawing very detailed cluster sequences, highlighting fine structures, and providing extremely precise empirical isochrones that will lead to more insight in stellar physics. Gaia DR2 demonstrates the potential of combining precise astrometry and photometry for large samples for studies in stellar evolution and stellar population and opens an entire new area for HRD-based studies.

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Title: Gaia Data Release 2. Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams
Creators - without role: Gaia Collaboration
C. Babusiaux - Université Grenoble Alpes
F. van Leeuwen - University of Cambridge
M. A. Barstow - University of Leicester
C. Jordi - Universitat de Barcelona
A. Vallenari - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
D. Bossini - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
A. Bressan - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati
T. Cantat-Gaudin - Universitat de Barcelona
M. van Leeuwen - University of Cambridge
A. G. A. Brown - Leiden University
T. Prusti - European Space Research and Technology Centre
J. H. J. de Bruijne - European Space Research and Technology Centre
C. A. L. Bailer-Jones - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
M. Biermann - Heidelberg University
D. W. Evans - University of Cambridge
L. Eyer - University of Geneva
F. Jansen - European Space Research and Technology Centre
S. A. Klioner - TU Dresden
U. Lammers - European Space Astronomy Centre
L. Lindegren - Lund University
X. Luri - Universitat de Barcelona
F. Mignard - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
C. Panem - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
D. Pourbaix - Université Libre de Bruxelles
S. Randich - Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
P. Sartoretti - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
H. I. Siddiqui - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Soubiran - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
N. A. Walton - University of Cambridge
F. Arenou - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
U. Bastian - Heidelberg University
M. Cropper - University College London
R. Drimmel - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
D. Katz - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
M. G. Lattanzi - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
J. Bakker - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Cacciari - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
J. Castañeda - Universitat de Barcelona
L. Chaoul - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
N. Cheek
F. Deangeli
C. Fabricius - Universitat de Barcelona
R. Guerra - European Space Astronomy Centre
B. Holl - University of Geneva
E. Masana - Universitat de Barcelona
R. Messineo
N. Mowlavi - University of Geneva
K. Nienartowicz - University of Geneva
P. Panuzzo - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
J. Portell - Universitat de Barcelona
M. Riello - University of Cambridge
G. M. Seabroke - University College London
P. Tanga - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
F. Thévenin - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
G. Gracia-Abril - Heidelberg University
G. Comoretto - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Garcia-Reinaldos - European Space Astronomy Centre
D. Teyssier - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Altmann - Heidelberg University
R. Andrae - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
M. Audard - University of Geneva
I. Bellas-Velidis - National Observatory of Athens
K. Benson - University College London
J. Berthier - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
R. Blomme - Royal Observatory of Belgium
P. Burgess - University of Cambridge
G. Busso - University of Cambridge
B. Carry - Université Côte d'Azur
A. Cellino - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
G. Clementini - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
M. Clotet - Universitat de Barcelona
O. Creevey - Université Côte d'Azur
M. Davidson - University of Edinburgh
J. Deridder
L. Delchambre - University of Liège
A. Dell'Oro - Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
C. Ducourant
J. Fernández-Hernández - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Fouesneau - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Y. Frémat - Royal Observatory of Belgium
L. Galluccio - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
M. García-Torres - Universidad Pablo de Olavide
J. González-Núñez - Universidade de Vigo
J. J. González-Vidal
E. Gosset - University of Liège
L. P. Guy - Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation
J. -L. Halbwachs - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
N. C. Hambly - Royal Observatory
D. L. Harrison - University of Cambridge
J. Hernandez - European Space Astronomy Centre
D. Hestroffer - Université de Lille
S. T. Hodgkin - University of Cambridge
A. Hutton - European Space Astronomy Centre
Gérard Jasniewicz - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
S. Jordan - Heidelberg University
A. J. Korn - Uppsala University
A. Krone-Martins - University of Lisbon
A. C. Lanzafame - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
T. Lebzelter - University of Vienna
W. Löffler - Heidelberg University
M. Manteiga - Universidade da Coruña
P. M. Marrese - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
J. M. Martín-Fleitas - European Space Astronomy Centre
A. Moitinho - University of Lisbon
A. Mora - European Space Astronomy Centre
K. Muinonen - University of Helsinki
J. Osinde - Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España
E. Pancino - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
T. Pauwels - Royal Observatory of Belgium
J. -M. Petit - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
A. Recio-Blanco - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
P. J. Richards - Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
L. Rimoldini - University of Geneva
A. C. Robin - Institut UTINAM
L. M. Sarro - National University of Distance Education
C. Siopis - Université Libre de Bruxelles
M. Smith - University College London
A. Sozzetti - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
M. Süveges - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
J. Torra - Universitat de Barcelona
W. Vanreeven
U. Abbas - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
A. Abreu Aramburu - European Space Astronomy Centre
S. Accart - Thales
C. Aerts - KU Leuven
G. Altavilla - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
M. A. Álvarez - Universidade da Coruña
R. Alvarez - European Space Astronomy Centre
J. Alves - University of Vienna
R. I. Anderson - University of Geneva
A. H. Andrei - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
E. Anglada Varela
E. Antiche - Universitat de Barcelona
T. Antoja - European Space Research and Technology Centre
B. Arcay - Universidade da Coruña
T. L. Astraatmadja - Carnegie Institution for Science
N. Bach - European Space Astronomy Centre
S. G. Baker - University College London
L. Balaguer-Núñez - Universitat de Barcelona
P. Balm - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Barache - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace
C. Barata - University of Lisbon
D. Barbato - University of Turin
F. Barblan - University of Geneva
P. S. Barklem - Uppsala University
D. Barrado - Centro de Astrobiología
M. Barros - University of Lisbon
S. Bartholomé Muñoz
J. -L. Bassilana - Thales
U. Becciani - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
M. Bellazzini - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
A. Berihuete - Universidad de Cádiz
Stefano Bertone - Observatoire de Paris
L. Bianchi - Eurix
O. Bienaymé - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
S. Blanco-Cuaresma - Université de Bordeaux
T. Boch - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
C. Boeche - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
A. Bombrun - European Space Astronomy Centre
R. Borrachero - Universitat de Barcelona
S. Bouquillon - Sorbonne Université
G. Bourda - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
A. Bragaglia - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
L. Bramante
M. A. Breddels - University of Groningen
N. Brouillet - Université de Bordeaux
T. Brüsemeister - Heidelberg University
E. Brugaletta - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
B. Bucciarelli - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
A. Burlacu - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
D. Busonero - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
A. G. Butkevich - TU Dresden
R. Buzzi - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
E. Caffau - Observatoire de Paris
R. Cancelliere - University of Turin
G. Cannizzaro - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
R. Carballo - Universidad de Cantabria
T. Carlucci - Sorbonne Université
J. M. Carrasco - Universitat de Barcelona
L. Casamiquela - Universitat de Barcelona
M. Castellani - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
A. Castro-Ginard - Universitat de Barcelona
P. Charlot - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux
L. Chemin - University of Antofagasta
A. Chiavassa - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
G. Cocozza - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
G. Costigan - Leiden University
S. Cowell - University of Cambridge
F. Crifo - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
M. Crosta - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
C. Crowley - European Space Astronomy Centre
J. Cuypers - Royal Observatory of Belgium
C. Dafonte - Universidade da Coruña
Y. Damerdji - Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique
A. Dapergolas - National Observatory of Athens
P. David - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. David - University of Antwerp
P. Delaverny - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE
F. Deluise
R. Demarch
D. Demartino
R. Desouza
A. Detorres
J. Debosscher - KU Leuven
E. Delpozo
M. Delbò - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
A. Delgado - National University of Distance Education
H. E. Delgado - National University of Distance Education
S. Diakité - Institut UTINAM
C. Diener - University of Cambridge
E. Distefano - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
C. Dolding - University College London
P. Drazinos - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
J. Durán - Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España
B. Edvardsson - Uppsala University
H. Enke - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
K. Eriksson - Uppsala University
P. Esquej - European Space Astronomy Centre
G. Eynard Bontemps - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
C. Fabre - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
M. Fabrizio - National Institute for Astrophysics
S. Faigler - Tel Aviv University
A. J. Falcao - Uninova
M. Farràs Casas - Universitat de Barcelona
L. Federici - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
G. Fedorets - University of Helsinki
P. Fernique - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
F. Figueras - Universitat de Barcelona
F. Filippi - Sapienza University of Rome
K. Findeisen - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Fonti
E. Fraile - European Space Astronomy Centre
M. Fraser - University College Dublin
B. Frézouls - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
M. Gai - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
S. Galleti - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
D. Garabato - Universidade da Coruña
F. García-Sedano - National University of Distance Education
A. Garofalo - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
N. Garralda - Universitat de Barcelona
A. Gavel - Uppsala University
P. Gavras - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
J. Gerssen - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
R. Geyer - TU Dresden
P. Giacobbe - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
G. Gilmore - University of Cambridge
S. Girona - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
G. Giuffrida - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
F. Glass - University of Geneva
M. Gomes - University of Lisbon
M. Granvik - Luleå University of Technology
A. Gueguen - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Guerrier - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
J. Guiraud - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez
R. Haigron - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
D. Hatzidimitriou - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
M. Hauser - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
M. Haywood - Observatoire de Paris
U. Heiter - Uppsala University
A. Helmi - University of Groningen
J. Heu - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
T. Hilger - TU Dresden
D. Hobbs - Lund University
W. Hofmann - Heidelberg University
G. Holland - University of Cambridge
H. E. Huckle - University College London
A. Hypki - Leiden University
V. Icardi
K. Janssen
G. Jevardatdefombelle
P. G. Jonker - Radboud University Nijmegen
Á. L. Juhász - Konkoly Observatory
F. Julbe - Universitat de Barcelona
A. Karampelas - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
A. Kewley - University of Cambridge
J. Klar - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
A. Kochoska - University of Ljubljana
R. Kohley - European Space Astronomy Centre
K. Kolenberg - Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian
M. Kontizas - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
E. Kontizas - National Observatory of Athens
S. E. Koposov - Carnegie Mellon University
G. Kordopatis - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska - Radboud University Nijmegen
P. Koubsky - Czech Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
S. Lambert - Sorbonne Université
A. F. Lanza - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
Y. Lasne - Thales
J. -B. Lavigne - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
Y. Lefustec
C. Leponcin-Lafitte - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace
Y. Lebreton - Université de Rennes
S. Leccia - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
N. Leclerc - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
I. Lecoeur-Taibi - University of Geneva
H. Lenhardt - Heidelberg University
F. Leroux - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
S. Liao - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
E. Licata - Eurix
H. E. P. Lindstrøm - University of Copenhagen
T. A. Lister - Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
E. Livanou - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
A. Lobel - Royal Observatory of Belgium
M. Lopez - Centro de Astrobiología
S. Managau - Thales
R. G. Mann - Royal Observatory
G. Mantelet - Heidelberg University
O. Marchal - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
J. M. Marchant - Liverpool John Moores University
M. Marconi - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
S. Marinoni - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
G. Marschalkó - Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
D. J. Marshall - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. Martino
G. Marton - Hungarian Academy of Sciences
N. Mary - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
D. Massari - University of Groningen
G. Matijevic - Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
T. Mazeh - Tel Aviv University
P. J. Mcmillan - Lund University
S. Messina - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
D. Michalik - Lund University
N. R. Millar - University of Cambridge
D. Molina - Universitat de Barcelona
R. Molinaro - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
L. Molnár - Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
P. Montegriffo - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
R. Mor - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
R. Morbidelli - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
T. Morel - University of Liège
D. Morris - Royal Observatory
A. F. Mulone
T. Muraveva - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
I. Musella - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
G. Nelemans - KU Leuven
L. Nicastro - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
L. Noval - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
W. O’mullane - European Space Astronomy Centre
C. Ordénovic - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
D. Ordóñez-Blanco
P. Osborne - University of Cambridge
C. Pagani - University of Leicester
I. Pagano - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
F. Pailler - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
H. Palacin - Thales
L. Palaversa - University of Geneva
A. Panahi - Tel Aviv University
M. Pawlak - University of Warsaw
A. M. Piersimoni - Collurania Teramo Observatory
F.-X. Pineau - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
E. Plachy - Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
G. Plum - Observatoire de Paris
E. Poggio - University of Turin
E. Poujoulet - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
A. Prša - Villanova University
L. Pulone - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
E. Racero
S. Ragaini - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
N. Rambaux - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides
M. Ramos-Lerate
S. Regibo - KU Leuven
C. Reylé - Institut UTINAM
F. Riclet - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
V. Ripepi - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
A. Riva - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
A. Rivard - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
G. Rixon - University of Cambridge
T. Roegiers - European Space Research and Technology Centre
M. Roelens - University of Geneva
M. Romero-Gómez - Universitat de Barcelona
N. Rowell - University of Edinburgh
F. Royer - Observatoire de Paris
L. Ruiz-Dern - Observatoire de Paris
G. Sadowski - Université Libre de Bruxelles
T. Sagristà Sellés
J. Sahlmann - European Space Astronomy Centre
J. Salgado - European Space Astronomy Centre
E. Salguero
N. Sanna - Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
T. Santana-Ros - Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
M. Sarasso - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
H. Savietto
M. Schultheis - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
E. Sciacca
M. Segol - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
J. C. Segovia
D. Ségransan - University of Geneva
I-C. Shih - Observatoire de Paris
L. Siltala - Nordic Optical Telescope
A. F. Silva - University of Lisbon
R. L. Smart - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
K. W. Smith - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
E. Solano - Centro de Astrobiología
F. Solitro
R. Sordo - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
S. Soria Nieto - Universitat de Barcelona
J. Souchay - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Spagna - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
F. Spoto - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
U. Stampa - Heidelberg University
I. A. Steele - Liverpool John Moores University
H. Steidelmüller - TU Dresden
C. A. Stephenson - European Space Astronomy Centre
H. Stoev - Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
F. F. Suess - University of Cambridge
J. Surdej - University of Liège
L. Szabados - Konkoly Observatory
E. Szegedi-Elek - Konkoly Observatory
D. Tapiador - European Space Astronomy Centre
F. Taris - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
G. Tauran - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
M. B. Taylor - University of Bristol
R. Teixeira - Universidade de São Paulo
D. Terrett - Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
P. Teyssandier - Observatoire de Paris
W. Thuillot - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Titarenko - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
F. Torra Clotet - Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
C. Turon - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
A. Ulla - Universidade de Vigo
E. Utrilla - European Space Astronomy Centre
S. Uzzi
M. Vaillant - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
G. Valentini - Collurania Teramo Observatory
V. Valette - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
A. Van Elteren
E. Van Hemelryck
M. Vaschetto
A. Vecchiato - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
J. Veljanoski - University of Groningen
Y. Viala - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation
D. Vicente - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
S. Vogt - European Space Research and Technology Centre
C. Von Essen
H. Voss - Universitat de Barcelona
V. Votruba - Czech Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
S. Voutsinas - University of Edinburgh
G. Walmsley - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
M. Weiler - Universitat de Barcelona
O. Wertz - University of Bonn
T. Wevers - University of Cambridge
Ł. Wyrzykowski - University of Warsaw
A. Yoldas - University of Cambridge
M. Žerjal - Australian National University
H. Ziaeepour - Institut UTINAM
J. Zorec - Sorbonne Université
S. Zschocke - TU Dresden
S. Zucker - Tel Aviv University
C. Zurbach - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
T. Zwitter - University of Ljubljana
Publication Details: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.616
Identifiers: 9933970209311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-01799668