Abstract
France's National Energy-Climate Plan (PNEC), presented in October 2023, is structured around the Multiannual Energy Program (PPE) and the National Low-Carbon Strategy (SNBC). These documents describe France's energy and climate strategies for the next dec- ade, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050 and a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emis- sions by 2030 (-50% compared to 1990). The plan focuses on increasing the share of renew- able energies and nuclear power, while reducing fossil fuel consumption. By 2030, 58% of energy consumption should come from low-carbon sources. The plan recognizes that there are a number of unanswered questions, such as how to guarantee sufficient flexibility, and how to determine the necessary investment in electricity grids. In addition, electricity market reform and the fight against energy poverty are essential elements in ensuring a just transition, a particularly sensitive subject in France since the Yellow Vests crisis.