First Ground-based Measurement of Sub-20 GeV to 100 GeV $\gamma$-rays from the Vela Pulsar with H.E.S.S. II

H. Abdalla; F. Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; E.O. Angüner; M. Arakawa; C. Arcaro; C. Armand; M. Arrieta; M. Backes; M. Barnard; Y. Becherini; J. Becker Tjus; D. Berge; S. Bernhard; K. Bernlöhr; R. Blackwell; M. Böttcher; C. Boisson; J. Bolmont; S. Bonnefoy; P. Bordas; J. Bregeon; F. Brun; P. Brun; M. Bryan; M. Büchele; T. Bulik; T. Bylund; M. Capasso; S. Caroff; A. Carosi; S. Casanova; M. Cerruti; N. Chakraborty; S. Chandra; R.C.G. Chaves; A. Chen; S. Colafrancesco; B. Condon; I.D. Davids; C. Deil; J. Devin; P. Dewilt; L. Dirson; A. Djannati-Ataï; A. Dmytriiev; A. Donath; V. Doroshenko; L.O'C. Drury; J. Dyks; K. Egberts; G. Emery; J.-P. Ernenwein; S. Eschbach; S. Fegan; A. Fiasson; G. Fontaine; S. Funk; M. Füssling; S. Gabici; Y.A. Gallant; F. Gaté; G. Giavitto; D. Glawion; J.F. Glicenstein; D. Gottschall; M.-H. Grondin; J. Hahn; M. Haupt; G. Heinzelmann; G. Henri; G. Hermann; J.A. Hinton; W. Hofmann; C. Hoischen; T.L. Holch; M. Holler; D. Horns; D. Huber; H. Iwasaki; A. Jacholkowska; M. Jamrozy; D. Jankowsky; F. Jankowsky; L. Jouvin; I. Jung-Richardt; M.A. Kastendieck; K. Katarzyński; M. Katsuragawa; U. Katz; D. Kerszberg; D. Khangulyan; B. Khélifi; J. King; S. Klepser; W. Kluźniak; Nu. Komin; K. Kosack; S. Krakau; M. Kraus; P.P. Krüger; G. Lamanna; J. Lau; J. Lefaucheur; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P. Lenain; E. Leser; T. Lohse; M. Lorentz; R. López-Coto; I. Lypova; D. Malyshev; V. Marandon; Alexandre Marcowith; C. Mariaud; G. Martí-Devesa; R. Marx; G. Maurin; P.J. Meintjes; A.M.W. Mitchell; R. Moderski; M. Mohamed; L. Mohrmann; E. Moulin; T. Murach; S. Nakashima; M. de Naurois; H. Ndiyavala; F. Niederwanger; J. Niemiec; L. Oakes; P. O'Brien; H. Odaka; S. Ohm; M. Ostrowski; I. Oya; M. Padovani; M. Panter; R.D. Parsons; C. Perennes; P.-O. Petrucci; B. Peyaud; Q. Piel; S. Pita; V. Poireau; A. Priyana Noel; D.A. Prokhorov; H. Prokoph; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; A. Quirrenbach; S. Raab; R. Rauth; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; Matthieu Renaud; F. Rieger; L. Rinchiuso; C. Romoli; G. Rowell; B. Rudak; E. Ruiz-Velasco; V. Sahakian; S. Saito; D.A. Sanchez; A. Santangelo; M. Sasaki; R. Schlickeiser; F. Schüssler; A. Schulz; U. Schwanke; S. Schwemmer; M. Seglar-Arroyo; M. Senniappan; A.S. Seyffert; N. Shafi; I. Shilon; K. Shiningayamwe; R. Simoni; A. Sinha; H. Sol; F. Spanier; A. Specovius; M. Spir-Jacob; R. Steenkamp; C. Stegmann; C. Steppa; T. Takahashi; J.-P. Tavernet; T. Tavernier; A.M. Taylor; R. Terrier; L. Tibaldo; D. Tiziani; M. Tluczykont; C. Trichard; M. Tsirou; N. Tsuji; R. Tuffs; Y. Uchiyama; D.J. van Der Walt; C. van Eldik; C. van Rensburg; B. van Soelen; George Vasileiadis; J. Veh; C. Venter; P. Vincent; J. Vink; F. Voisin; H.J. Völk; T. Vuillaume; Z. Wadiasingh; S.J. Wagner; R.M. Wagner; R. White; A. Wierzcholska; R. Yang; D. Zaborov; M. Zacharias; R. Zanin; A.A. Zdziarski; A. Zech; F. Zefi; A. Ziegler; J. Zorn; N. Żywucka; M. Kerr; S. Johnston; R.M. Shannon

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732153

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$First Ground-based Measurement of Sub-20 GeV to 100 GeV $\gamma$-rays from the Vela Pulsar with H.E.S.S. II$

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First Ground-based Measurement of Sub-20 GeV to 100 GeV $\gamma$-rays from the Vela Pulsar with H.E.S.S. II

H. Abdalla, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, E.O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, C. Arcaro, C. Armand, M. Arrieta, M. Backes, M. Barnard, …

Astron.Astrophys, Vol.620

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732153

Abstract

gamma rays: stars

pulsars: individual: PSR B0833-45

radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

pulsar

gamma ray

GLAST

HESS

pulsed

curvature

overlap

photon

threshold

Aims. We report on the measurement and investigation of pulsed high-energy γ-ray emission from the Vela pulsar, PSR B0833−45, based on observations with the largest telescope of H.E.S.S., CT5, in monoscopic mode, and on data obtained with the Fermi-LAT.Methods. Data from 40.3 h of observations carried out with the H.E.S.S. II array from 2013 to 2015 have been used. A dedicated very low-threshold event reconstruction and analysis pipeline was developed to achieve the lowest possible energy threshold. Eight years of Fermi-LAT data were analysed and also used as reference to validate the CT5 telescope response model and analysis methods.Results. A pulsed γ-ray signal at a significance level of more than 15σ is detected from the P2 peak of the Vela pulsar light curve. Of a total of 15 835 events, more than 6000 lie at an energy below 20 GeV, implying a significant overlap between H.E.S.S. II-CT5 and the Fermi-LAT. While the investigation of the pulsar light curve with the LAT confirms characteristics previously known up to 20 GeV in the tens of GeV energy range, CT5 data show a change in the pulse morphology of P2, i.e. an extreme sharpening of its trailing edge, together with the possible onset of a new component at 3.4σ significance level. Assuming a power-law model for the P2 spectrum, an excellent agreement is found for the photon indices (Γ ≃ 4.1) obtained with the two telescopes above 10 GeV and an upper bound of 8% is derived on the relative offset between their energy scales. Using data from both instruments, it is shown however that the spectrum of P2 in the 10–100 GeV has a pronounced curvature; this is a confirmation of the sub-exponential cut-off form found at lower energies with the LAT. This is further supported by weak evidence of an emission above 100 GeV obtained with CT5. In contrast, converging indications are found from both CT5 and LAT data for the emergence of a hard component above 50 GeV in the leading wing (LW2) of P2, which possibly extends beyond 100 GeV.Conclusions. The detection demonstrates the performance and understanding of CT5 from 100 GeV down to the sub-20 GeV domain, i.e. unprecedented low energy for ground-based γ-ray astronomy. The extreme sharpening of the trailing edge of the P2 peak found in the H.E.S.S. II light curve of the Vela pulsar and the possible extension beyond 100 GeV of at least one of its features, LW2, provide further constraints to models of γ-Ray emission from pulsars.Key words: gamma rays: stars / pulsars: individual: PSR B0833-45 / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal⋆ Corresponding authors: H.E.S.S. Collaboration, e-mail:hess@hess-experiment.eu⋆⋆ Funded by EU FP7 Marie Curie, grant agreement No. PIEF-GA-2012-332350.⋆⋆⋆ Deceased.

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Title: First Ground-based Measurement of Sub-20 GeV to 100 GeV $\gamma$-rays from the Vela Pulsar with H.E.S.S. II
Creators - without role: H. Abdalla - North-West University
F. Aharonian - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
F. Ait Benkhali
E.O. Angüner - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. Arakawa - Rikkyo University
C. Arcaro - North-West University
C. Armand - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
M. Arrieta - Université Paris Cité
M. Backes - University of Namibia
M. Barnard - North-West University
Y. Becherini - Linnaeus University
J. Becker Tjus
D. Berge
S. Bernhard - Universität Innsbruck
K. Bernlöhr - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Blackwell - University of Adelaide
M. Böttcher - North-West University
C. Boisson - Délégation Paris 7
J. Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
S. Bonnefoy
P. Bordas - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J. Bregeon - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
F. Brun - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
P. Brun - Université Paris-Saclay
M. Bryan - University of Amsterdam
M. Büchele - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
T. Bulik - University of Warsaw
T. Bylund - Linnaeus University
M. Capasso - University of Tübingen
S. Caroff - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
A. Carosi - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
S. Casanova - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
M. Cerruti - Sorbonne Paris Cité
N. Chakraborty - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Chandra - North-West University
R.C.G. Chaves - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
S. Colafrancesco - University of the Witwatersrand
B. Condon - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
I.D. Davids - University of Namibia
C. Deil - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J. Devin - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P. Dewilt - University of Adelaide
L. Dirson - Universität Hamburg
A. Djannati-Ataï - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A. Dmytriiev - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
A. Donath - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
V. Doroshenko - University of Tübingen
L.O'C. Drury
J. Dyks - Polish Academy of Sciences
K. Egberts - University of Potsdam
G. Emery - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
J.-P. Ernenwein - Aix-Marseille Université
S. Eschbach - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S. Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
A. Fiasson - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
G. Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
S. Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Füssling
S. Gabici - Université Paris Cité
Y.A. Gallant - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
F. Gaté - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
G. Giavitto
D. Glawion - Heidelberg University
J.F. Glicenstein - CEA Paris-Saclay
D. Gottschall - University of Tübingen
M.-H. Grondin - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
J. Hahn - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Haupt
G. Heinzelmann - Universität Hamburg
G. Henri - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
G. Hermann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.A. Hinton - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
W. Hofmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Hoischen - University of Potsdam
T.L. Holch - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M. Holler - Universität Innsbruck
D. Horns - Universität Hamburg
D. Huber - Universität Innsbruck
H. Iwasaki
A. Jacholkowska - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M. Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
D. Jankowsky - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
F. Jankowsky - Heidelberg University
L. Jouvin - Université Paris Cité
I. Jung-Richardt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M.A. Kastendieck - Universität Hamburg
K. Katarzyński - Nicolaus Copernicus University
M. Katsuragawa - Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
U. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
D. Kerszberg - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
D. Khangulyan - Rikkyo University
B. Khélifi - Délégation Paris 7
J. King - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Klepser
W. Kluźniak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Nu. Komin - University of the Witwatersrand
K. Kosack - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
S. Krakau - Ruhr University Bochum
M. Kraus - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
P.P. Krüger - North-West University
G. Lamanna - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
J. Lau - University of Adelaide
J. Lefaucheur - Université Paris-Saclay
A. Lemière - Sorbonne Paris Cité
M. Lemoine-Goumard - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
J.-P. Lenain - Sorbonne Paris Cité
E. Leser - University of Potsdam
T. Lohse - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M. Lorentz - CEA Paris-Saclay
R. López-Coto - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
I. Lypova
D. Malyshev - University of Tübingen
V. Marandon - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Alexandre Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
C. Mariaud - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
G. Martí-Devesa - Universität Innsbruck
R. Marx - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
G. Maurin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
P.J. Meintjes - University of the Free State
A.M.W. Mitchell
R. Moderski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
M. Mohamed - Heidelberg University
L. Mohrmann - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
E. Moulin - Université Paris-Saclay
T. Murach
S. Nakashima - Nippon Soken
M. de Naurois - École Polytechnique
H. Ndiyavala - North-West University
F. Niederwanger - Universität Innsbruck
J. Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
L. Oakes - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
P. O'Brien
H. Odaka - The University of Tokyo
S. Ohm
M. Ostrowski - Jagiellonian University
I. Oya
M. Padovani - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
M. Panter - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R.D. Parsons - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Perennes - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
P.-O. Petrucci - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
B. Peyaud - Université Paris-Saclay
Q. Piel - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S. Pita - Université Paris Cité
V. Poireau - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
A. Priyana Noel
D.A. Prokhorov
H. Prokoph
G. Pühlhofer - University of Tübingen
M. Punch - Linnaeus University
A. Quirrenbach - Heidelberg University
S. Raab - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Rauth - Universität Innsbruck
A. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
O. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
Matthieu Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
F. Rieger - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
L. Rinchiuso - CEA Paris-Saclay
C. Romoli - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
G. Rowell - University of Adelaide
B. Rudak - Polish Academy of Sciences
E. Ruiz-Velasco - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
V. Sahakian - A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory
S. Saito - Rikkyo University
D.A. Sanchez - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
A. Santangelo - University of Tübingen
M. Sasaki - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Schlickeiser - Ruhr University Bochum
F. Schüssler - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
A. Schulz
U. Schwanke - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
S. Schwemmer - Heidelberg University
M. Seglar-Arroyo - Université Paris-Saclay
M. Senniappan - Linnaeus University
A.S. Seyffert - North-West University
N. Shafi - University of the Witwatersrand
I. Shilon - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
K. Shiningayamwe - University of Namibia
R. Simoni - University of Amsterdam
A. Sinha - Sorbonne Paris Cité
H. Sol - Université Paris Cité
F. Spanier - North-West University
A. Specovius - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Spir-Jacob - Délégation Paris 7
R. Steenkamp - University of Namibia
C. Stegmann - University of Potsdam
C. Steppa - University of Potsdam
T. Takahashi - The University of Tokyo
J.-P. Tavernet - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
T. Tavernier - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A.M. Taylor
R. Terrier - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
L. Tibaldo - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Tiziani - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Tluczykont - Universität Hamburg
C. Trichard - Sorbonne Paris Cité
M. Tsirou - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
N. Tsuji - Rikkyo University
R. Tuffs - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Y. Uchiyama - Rikkyo University
D.J. van Der Walt - North-West University
C. van Eldik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. van Rensburg - North-West University
B. van Soelen - University of the Free State
George Vasileiadis - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
J. Veh - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. Venter - North-West University
P. Vincent - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
J. Vink - University of Amsterdam
F. Voisin - University of Adelaide
H.J. Völk - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
T. Vuillaume - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
Z. Wadiasingh - North-West University
S.J. Wagner - Heidelberg University
R.M. Wagner - Stockholm University
R. White - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Wierzcholska - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
R. Yang - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Zaborov - École Polytechnique
M. Zacharias - North-West University
R. Zanin - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A.A. Zdziarski - Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Zech - Délégation Paris 7
F. Zefi - École Polytechnique
A. Ziegler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J. Zorn - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
N. Żywucka - Jagiellonian University
M. Kerr - United States Naval Research Laboratory
S. Johnston - Australia Telescope National Facility
R.M. Shannon - Australia Telescope National Facility
Publication Details: Astron.Astrophys, Vol.620
Identifiers: 9941588309311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-01851325