Abstract
Parliament elections of may 2001 have been the last step of a long political transition. Won by Berlusconi, the richestpolitical man and Italian private entrepreneur, leading a centre-right coalition, these election have led to a strong politicalmajority. This article deals with de social and political components of both coalitions. It then explains the reasons of the center-right coalition success, as well as the failure of center-left coalitions and that of the third way attempt, represented by two littleparties which are now marginalized.