Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Local Group galaxies: Detection of M31 and search for M33

A. A. Abdo; Markus Ackermann; Marco Ajello; A. Allafort; W. B. Atwood; Luca Baldini; Jean Ballet; Guido Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; K. Bechtol; R. Bellazzini; B. Berenji; R. D. Blandford; E. D. Bloom; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; A. Bouvier; T. J. Brandt; J. Bregeon; M. Brigida; Pascal Bruel; R. Buehler; T. H. Burnett; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; A. Cannon; P. A. Caraveo; J. M. Casandjian; C. Cecchi; Ö. Çelik; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; J. Chiang; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; J. Conrad; C. D. Dermer; A. de Angelis; F. de Palma; S. W. Digel; E. Do Couto E Silva; P. S. Drell; A. Drlica-Wagner; R. Dubois; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; P. Fortin; M. Frailis; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; I. A. Grenier; M.-H. Grondin; S. Guiriec; M. Gustafsson; D. Hadasch; A. K. Harding; K. Hayashi; M. Hayashida; E. Hays; S. E. Healey; P. Jean; G. Jóhannesson; A. S. Johnson; R. P. Johnson; T. J. Johnson; T. Kamae; H. Katagiri; J. Kataoka; M. Kerr; Jürgen Knödlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; L. Latronico; S.-H. Lee; M. Lemoine-Goumard; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; G. M. Madejski; A. Makeev; P. Martin; M. N. Mazziotta; J. Mehault; P. F. Michelson; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; A. A. Moiseev; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; M. Naumann-Godo; P. L. Nolan; J. P. Norris; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; N. Omodei; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; M. Ozaki; D. Paneque; J. H. Panetta; D. Parent; M. Pepe; M. Persic; M. Pesce-Rollins; F. Piron; T.A. Porter; S. Rainò; R. Rando; M. Razzano; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; S. Ritz; R. W. Romani; H. F.-W. Sadrozinski; P. M. Saz Parkinson; C. Sgrò; E. J. Siskind; David Stanley Smith; P. D. Smith; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; M. S. Strickman; L. Strigari; A. W. Strong; D. J. Suson; H. Takahashi; T. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; J. B. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; A. Tramacere; Y. Uchiyama; T. L. Usher; J. Vandenbroucke; G. Vianello; N. Vilchez; V. Vitale; A. P. Waite; P. Wang; B. L. Winer; K. S. Wood; Z. Yang; M. Ziegler

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015759

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Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Local Group galaxies: Detection of M31 and search for M33

Journal article

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Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Local Group galaxies: Detection of M31 and search for M33

A. A. Abdo, Markus Ackermann, Marco Ajello, A. Allafort, W. B. Atwood, Luca Baldini, Jean Ballet, Guido Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.523

11/2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201015759

Abstract

Local Group

cosmic rays

gamma rays: galaxies

Cosmic rays (CRs) can be studied through the galaxy-wide gamma-ray emission that they generate when propagating in the interstellar medium. The comparison of the diffuse signals from different systems may inform us about the key parameters in CR acceleration and transport. We aim to determine and compare the properties of the CR-induced gamma-ray emission of several Local Group galaxies. We use 2 years of nearly continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to search for gamma-ray emission from M31 and M33. We compare the results with those for the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Milky Way, and the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC253. We detect a gamma-ray signal at 5sigma significance in the energy range 200 MeV-20 GeV that is consistent with originating from M31. The integral photon flux above 100MeV amounts to 9.1 +/- 1.9 (stat) +/- 1.0 (sys) x10e-9 ph/cm2/s. We find no evidence for emission from M33 and derive an upper limit on the photon flux >100MeV of 5.1 x10e-9 ph/cm2/s (2sigma). Comparing these results to the properties of other Local Group galaxies, we find indications for a correlation between star formation rate and gamma-ray luminosity that also holds for the starburst galaxies. The gamma-ray luminosity of M31 is about half that of the Milky Way, which implies that the ratio between the average CR densities in M31 and the Milky Way amounts to 0.35 +/- 0.25. The observed correlation between gamma-ray luminosity and star formation rate suggests that the flux of M33 is not far below the current upper limit from the LAT observations.

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Title: Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Local Group galaxies: Detection of M31 and search for M33
Creators - without role: A. A. Abdo
Markus Ackermann - Stanford University
Marco Ajello - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Allafort - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
W. B. Atwood
Luca Baldini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
Jean Ballet - Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
Guido Barbiellini - University of Trieste
D. Bastieri - University of Padua
K. Bechtol - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R. Bellazzini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
B. Berenji - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R. D. Blandford
E. D. Bloom
E. Bonamente - University of Perugia
A. W. Borgland
A. Bouvier - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. J. Brandt - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
J. Bregeon - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
M. Brigida - Polytechnic University of Bari
Pascal Bruel - École Polytechnique
R. Buehler - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. H. Burnett
S. Buson - University of Padua
G. A. Caliandro
R. A. Cameron
A. Cannon - University College Dublin
P. A. Caraveo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
J. M. Casandjian - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
C. Cecchi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
Ö. Çelik - Goddard Space Flight Center
E. Charles - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Chekhtman - United States Naval Research Laboratory
J. Chiang - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Ciprini - University of Perugia
R. Claus - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. Cohen-Tanugi - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique
J. Conrad - Stockholm University
C. D. Dermer
A. de Angelis - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F. de Palma - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
S. W. Digel
E. Do Couto E Silva
P. S. Drell
A. Drlica-Wagner - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R. Dubois - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
C. Favuzzi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
S. J. Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
P. Fortin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. Frailis - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
Y. Fukazawa - Hiroshima University
S. Funk - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
P. Fusco - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
F. Gargano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
S. Germani - University of Perugia
N. Giglietto - Polytechnic University of Bari
F. Giordano - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. Giroletti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
T. Glanzman - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
G. Godfrey - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
I. A. Grenier - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
M.-H. Grondin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
S. Guiriec - University of Alabama in Huntsville
M. Gustafsson - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
D. Hadasch - Institute of Space Sciences
A. K. Harding
K. Hayashi - Hiroshima University
M. Hayashida - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Hays - Goddard Space Flight Center
S. E. Healey
P. Jean - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
G. Jóhannesson - University of Iceland
A. S. Johnson
R. P. Johnson
T. J. Johnson
T. Kamae - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
H. Katagiri - Hiroshima University
J. Kataoka - Waseda University
M. Kerr - University of Washington
Jürgen Knödlseder - Centre National d'Études Spatiales
M. Kuss - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
J. Lande - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. Latronico - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
S.-H. Lee - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
F. Longo - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F. Loparco - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
B. Lott - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
M. N. Lovellette
P. Lubrano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
G. M. Madejski
A. Makeev - United States Naval Research Laboratory
P. Martin - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
M. N. Mazziotta
J. Mehault - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
P. F. Michelson
W. Mitthumsiri - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. Mizuno - Hiroshima University
A. A. Moiseev
C. Monte - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. E. Monzani
A. Morselli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
I. V. Moskalenko
S. Murgia - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Naumann-Godo - CEA Paris-Saclay
P. L. Nolan
J. P. Norris
E. Nuss - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique
T. Ohsugi - Hiroshima University
A. Okumura - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
N. Omodei - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Orlando - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
J. F. Ormes
M. Ozaki - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
D. Paneque - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. H. Panetta
D. Parent - George Mason University
M. Pepe - University of Perugia
M. Persic - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
M. Pesce-Rollins - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
F. Piron - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique
T.A. Porter - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Rainò - Polytechnic University of Bari
R. Rando - University of Padua
M. Razzano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
A. Reimer - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
O. Reimer - Stanford University
S. Ritz - University of California, Santa Cruz
R. W. Romani
H. F.-W. Sadrozinski
P. M. Saz Parkinson
C. Sgrò - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E. J. Siskind
David Stanley Smith - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
P. D. Smith
G. Spandre - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
P. Spinelli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
M. S. Strickman
L. Strigari - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. W. Strong
D. J. Suson
H. Takahashi - Hiroshima University
T. Takahashi - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
T. Tanaka - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. B. Thayer
D. J. Thompson
L. Tibaldo - CEA Paris-Saclay
D. F. Torres
G. Tosti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
A. Tramacere - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Y. Uchiyama - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. L. Usher
J. Vandenbroucke - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
G. Vianello - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
N. Vilchez - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
V. Vitale - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
A. P. Waite
P. Wang - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
B. L. Winer
K. S. Wood
Z. Yang - AlbaNova
M. Ziegler - University of California, Santa Cruz
Publication Details: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.523
Identifiers: 9934271809311
Academic Unit: Université de Montpellier
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: in2p3-00585464