Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

S Lesage; P Veres; M.S Briggs; A Goldstein; D Kocevski; E Burns; C.A Wilson-Hodge; P.N Bhat; D Huppenkothen; C.L Fryer; R Hamburg; J Racusin; E Bissaldi; W.H Cleveland; S Dalessi; C Fletcher; M.M Giles; B.A Hristov; C.M Hui; B Mailyan; S Poolakkil; O.J Roberts; A von Kienlin; J Wood; M Ajello; M Arimoto; L Baldini; J Ballet; M.G Baring; D Bastieri; J. Becerra Gonzalez; R Bellazzini; R.D Blandford; R Bonino; P Bruel; S Buson; R.A Cameron; R Caputo; P.A Caraveo; E Cavazzuti; G Chiaro; N Cibrario; S Ciprini; P. Cristarella Orestano; M Crnogorcevic; A Cuoco; S Cutini; F d'Ammando; S de Gaetano; N Di Lalla; L Di Venere; A Domínguez; S.J Fegan; E.C Ferrara; H Fleischhack; Y Fukazawa; S Funk; P Fusco; G Galanti; V Gammaldi; F Gargano; C Gasbarra; D Gasparrini; S Germani; F Giacchino; N Giglietto; R Gill; M Giroletti; J Granot; D Green; I.A Grenier; S Guiriec; M Gustafsson; E Hays; J.W Hewitt; D Horan; X Hou; M Kuss; L Latronico; A Laviron; M Lemoine-Goumard; J Li; I Liodakis; F Longo; F Loparco; L Lorusso; M.N Lovellette; P Lubrano; S Maldera; A Manfreda; G Martí-Devesa; M.N Mazziotta; J.E Mcenery; I Mereu; M Meyer; P.F Michelson; T Mizuno; M.E Monzani; A Morselli; I.V Moskalenko; M Negro; E Nuss; N Omodei; E Orlando; J.F Ormes; D Paneque; G Panzarini; M Persic; M Pesce-Rollins; R Pillera; F Piron; H Poon; T.A Porter; G Principe; S Raino; R Rando; B Rani; M Razzano; S Razzaque; A Reimer; O Reimer; F Ryde; M Sanchez-Conde; P.M. Saz Parkinson; L Scotton; D Serini; C Sgro; V Sharma; E.J Siskind; G Spandre; P Spinelli; H Tajima; D.F Torres; J Valverde; T Venters; Z Wadiasingh; K Wood; G Zaharijas

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

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Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

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Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

S Lesage, P Veres, M.S Briggs, A Goldstein, D Kocevski, E Burns, C.A Wilson-Hodge, P.N Bhat, D Huppenkothen, C.L Fryer, …

The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol.952(2)

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

Abstract

We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 seconds, afterglow visible in the \gbm energy range (8 keV--40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the GBM trigger time (t0; 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of shock-breakout with significant emission up to $\sim$15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at \t0+600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase which transitions to a slope consistent with \swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy ($\textrm{E}_{\gamma,\textrm{iso}}=1.0\times10^{55}$ erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity ($\textrm{L}_{\gamma,\textrm{iso}}=9.9\times10^{53}$ erg/s) based on redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed GBMto observe the continuously emitting central engine from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.

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Title: Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow
Creators - without role: S Lesage - University of Alabama in Huntsville
P Veres - University of Alabama in Huntsville
M.S Briggs - University of Alabama in Huntsville
A Goldstein - Universities Space Research Association
D Kocevski - Marshall Space Flight Center
E Burns - Louisiana State University
C.A Wilson-Hodge - Marshall Space Flight Center
P.N Bhat - University of Alabama in Huntsville
D Huppenkothen - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
C.L Fryer - Los Alamos National Laboratory
R Hamburg - Université Paris-Saclay
J Racusin - Goddard Space Flight Center
E Bissaldi - Polytechnic University of Bari
W.H Cleveland - Universities Space Research Association
S Dalessi - University of Alabama in Huntsville
C Fletcher - Universities Space Research Association
M.M Giles - Jacobs
B.A Hristov - University of Alabama in Huntsville
C.M Hui - Marshall Space Flight Center
B Mailyan - Florida Institute of Technology
S Poolakkil - University of Alabama in Huntsville
O.J Roberts - Universities Space Research Association
A von Kienlin - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
J Wood - Marshall Space Flight Center
M Ajello - Clemson University
M Arimoto - Kanazawa University
L Baldini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
J Ballet - Université Paris-Saclay
M.G Baring - Rice University
D Bastieri - University of Padua
J. Becerra Gonzalez - Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
R Bellazzini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E Bissaldi - Polytechnic University of Bari
R.D Blandford - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R Bonino - University of Turin
P Bruel - École Polytechnique
S Buson - University of Würzburg
R.A Cameron - Stanford University
R Caputo - Goddard Space Flight Center
P.A Caraveo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
E Cavazzuti - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
G Chiaro - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
N Cibrario - University of Turin
S Ciprini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
P. Cristarella Orestano - University of Perugia
M Crnogorcevic - Goddard Space Flight Center
A Cuoco - University of Turin
S Cutini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
F d'Ammando
S de Gaetano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
N Di Lalla - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L Di Venere - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
A Domínguez - Universidad Complutense de Madrid
S.J Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
E.C Ferrara - Goddard Space Flight Center
H Fleischhack - Catholic University of America
Y Fukazawa - Hiroshima University
S Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
P Fusco - Polytechnic University of Bari
G Galanti - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
V Gammaldi - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
F Gargano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
C Gasbarra - University of Rome Tor Vergata
D Gasparrini - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
S Germani - University of Perugia
F Giacchino - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
N Giglietto - Polytechnic University of Bari
R Gill - Open University of Israel
M Giroletti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
J Granot - George Washington University
D Green - Max Planck Institute for Physics
I.A Grenier - CEA Paris-Saclay
S Guiriec - George Washington University
M Gustafsson - University of Göttingen
E Hays - Goddard Space Flight Center
J.W Hewitt - University of North Florida
D Horan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
X Hou - Yunnan Observatories
M Kuss - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
L Latronico - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
A Laviron - École Polytechnique
M Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
J Li - University of Science and Technology of China
I Liodakis - University of Turku
F Longo - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F Loparco - Polytechnic University of Bari
L Lorusso - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
M.N Lovellette - The Aerospace Corporation
P Lubrano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
S Maldera - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
A Manfreda - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
G Martí-Devesa - Universität Innsbruck
M.N Mazziotta - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
J.E Mcenery - University of Maryland, College Park
I Mereu - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
M Meyer - University of Southern Denmark
P.F Michelson - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T Mizuno - Hiroshima University
M.E Monzani - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A Morselli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
I.V Moskalenko - Stanford University
M Negro - University of Maryland, Baltimore County
E Nuss - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
N Omodei - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E Orlando - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
J.F Ormes - University of Denver
D Paneque - Max Planck Institute for Physics
G Panzarini - Polytechnic University of Bari
M Persic - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
M Pesce-Rollins - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
R Pillera - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
F Piron - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
H Poon - Hiroshima University
T.A Porter - Stanford University
G Principe - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
S Raino - Polytechnic University of Bari
R Rando - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
B Rani - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
M Razzano - University of Pisa
S Razzaque - George Washington University
A Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
O Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
F Ryde - Fraunhofer Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics
M Sanchez-Conde - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
P.M. Saz Parkinson - University of California, Santa Cruz
L Scotton - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
D Serini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
C Sgro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
V Sharma - Goddard Space Flight Center
E.J Siskind - Real Time Tomography
G Spandre - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
P Spinelli - Polytechnic University of Bari
H Tajima - Nagoya University
D.F Torres - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
J Valverde - University of Maryland, Baltimore County
T Venters - Goddard Space Flight Center
Z Wadiasingh - Goddard Space Flight Center
K Wood - Praxis
G Zaharijas - University of Nova Gorica
Publication Details: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol.952(2)
Identifiers: 9938843009311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-04060953