Résumé
In this work, we report the fabrication of five novel bionanoplatforms derived from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with effective antimicrobial activity, desired cytocompatibility, and promising wound-healing capability. CNF was functionalized via oxidation by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), coated with polydopamine (PDA), followed by decoration with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) prepared via ultrasound-mediated co-precipitation, creating a bioactive nanoplatform of ZnO@CNF-coated PDA (CNF2). Tannic acid (TA) and β-carotene (BC) were immobilized on CNF2. FT-IR and XPS confirmed the scaffold's chemical composition, while the XRD verified the functionalization of CNF with PDA and ZnO-NPs. The high-resolution TEM and SEM analysis showed that ZnO-NPs have nanoneedle shapes and are homogeneously distributed onto the fibers with an average size of 3.92–8.77 nm, and the platforms have distinct mesoporous fibrous structures. The bionanoplatforms exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Salmonella sp., S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and C. albicans. Besides, the composite nanoplatform also demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility with normal human dermal fibroblasts (HFB-4), as reflected by their favorable IC₅₀ values. Furthermore, in scratch wound assays, the TCNF2 and BCNF2 scaffolds significantly promoted the healing, achieving wound confluences of 53.6 % and 52.7 %, respectively. These results suggest that the developed composites are promising candidates for wound healing applications.