Abstract
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a high prevalent disorder with severe consequences including sleepiness, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an individualized exercise-training (IET) program with educational sessions vs educational sessions alone on severity markers of OSA over an eight-week duration.Methods: This was a randomised, controlled, parallel-design study. In sum, 64 patients with moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index AHI 15–45/hour), low physical activity level (Voorrips<9), body-mass index (BMI) <40 kg/m2 were included in intervention group (IG) or control group (CG), and 54 patients finished the study. All underwent polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), constant workload exercise test, blood samples and fulfilled questionnaires twice. The primary endpoint was the change in apnea-hypopnea (AHI) at eight weeks from baseline. Main secondary endpoints were daytime sleepiness assessed by questionnaire and objective tests.Results: No significant between-group differences were found for changes in AHI. A reduction in AHI was found in IG only (p = 0.005). Compared to CG, exercise training leads to a greater decrease in AHI during REM sleep (p = 0.0004), with a significant increase in mean daytime sleep latency (p = 0.02). Between-group differences were significant for weight reduction, severity of fatigue, insomnia and depressive symptoms with trend for sleepiness symptoms.Conclusions: In adult patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, IET did not decrease AHI compared to the control group but improved markers of severity of OSA, in particular AHI in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and objective daytime sleepiness. Adding personalized exercise training to the management of patients with OSA should be considered.