Abstract
The rodent record during the late Eocene-early Oligocene interval is poorly known in South America. Our team's recent fieldwork in Peruvian Amazonia allowed for the discovery of five new fossil-bearing localities in a single stratigraphic section at Shapaja (Tarapoto area, San Martín Department), considered as early Oligocene by mammalian biostratigraphy. Here, we describe the caviomorph material from Shapaja, which documents 17 distinct taxa (with the co-occurrence of four to seven caviomorph taxa in a single level) representing at least three of the four extant superfamilies. Eight taxa are new to science: Kichkasteiromys raimondii nov. gen. et sp. and Shapajamys labocensis nov. gen. et sp. (Erethizontoidea), Selvamys paulus nov. gen. et sp. and Mayomys confluens nov. gen. et sp. (Octodontoidea), Eoincamys valverdei nov. sp. and E. parvus nov. sp. (?Chin-chilloidea), and Tarapotomys subandinus nov. gen. et sp. and T. mayoensis nov. gen. et sp. (superfamily indet.). These diversified caviomorph faunas constitute the most equatorial Paleogene record of this group. The taxa from Shapaja are not documented in other low-, mid-and high-latitudes Paleogene localities, except for Eoincamys. This genus is otherwise only found at Santa Rosa (Peruvian Amazonia, ?late Eocene/early Oligocene), thereby indicating a close temporal window for the Shapaja localities.