Résumé
Vector-borne diseases are highly sensitive to environment and to environmental changes. Faced with their recrudescence and public concern about the possible consequences of climate and other environmental changes, the European commission has launched a large, integrative research project called EDEN (Emerging diseases in a changing European environment), involving 24 countries and 49 scientific partners from Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The goals of EDEN are to identify ecosystems exposed to a high risk of vector-borne disease emergence, and to explain and model the underlying epidemiological processes. For this purpose, an inter-disciplinary approach was adopted to ensure close interaction between biology, ecology, geography and modelling. The expected result is the development of new methods to help public-health agencies create disease-monitoring, early-warning and decision-making tools for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. After a general presentation of EDEN, we show results obtained with the Malaria sub-project, focusing on the Camargue ecosystem, to assess the risk of resurgence of disease previously eradicated from this region.