Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamic causal relationships between energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon-dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Morocco. We use a Johansen multivariate cointegration approach and incorporate the investment rate as a control variable. The results indicate that there exists at least a long-run relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and CO₂ emissions. Furthermore, empirical estimation allowed us to confirm the existence of a long-run bidirectional causality between energy consumption and economic growth, in addition to a long-run bidirectional causality between energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. In this case, the economic theory assumes that the feedback hypothesis is verified in Morocco. This would encourage policy makers to jointly implement the economic, energy, and environmental measures in order to create growth and to minimize CO₂ emissions.