Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Christopher J. L. Murray; Theo Vos; Rafael Lozano; Mohsen Naghavi; Abraham D. Flaxman; Catherine Michaud; Majid Ezzati; Kenji Shibuya; Joshua A. Salomon; Safa Abdalla; Victor Aboyans; Jerry Abraham; Ilana Ackerman; Rakesh Aggarwal; Stephanie Y. Ahn; Mohammed K. Ali; Miriam Alvarado; H. Ross Anderson; Laurie M. Anderson; Kathryn G. Andrews; Charles Atkinson; Larry M. Baddour; Adil N. Bahalim; Suzanne Barker-Collo; Lope H. Barrero; David H. Bartels; Maria-Gloria Basanez; Amanda Baxter; Michelle L. Bell; Emelia J. Benjamin; Derrick Bennett; Eduardo Bernabe; Kavi Bhalla; Bishal Bhandari; Boris Bikbov; Aref Bin Abdulhak; Gretchen Birbeck; James A. Black; Hannah Blencowe; Jed D. Blore; Fiona Blyth; Ian Bolliger; Audrey Bonaventure; Soufi Ane Boufous; Rupert Bourne; Michel Boussinesq; Tasanee Braithwaite; Carol Brayne; Lisa Bridgett; Simon Brooker; Peter Brooks; Traolach S. Brugha; Claire Bryan-Hancock; Chiara Bucello; Rachelle Buchbinder; Geoffrey Buckle; Christine M. Budke; Michael Burch; Peter Burney; Roy Burstein; Bianca Calabria; Benjamin Campbell; Charles E. Canter; Helene Carabin; Jonathan Carapetis; Loreto Carmona; Claudia Cella; Fiona Charlson; Honglei Chen; Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng; David Chou; Sumeet S. Chugh; Luc E. Coffeng; Steven D. Colan; Samantha Colquhoun; K. Ellicott Colson; John Condon; Myles D. Connor; Leslie T. Cooper; Matthew Corriere; Monica Cortinovis; Karen Courville De Vaccaro; William Couser; Benjamin C. Cowie; Michael H. Criqui; Marita Cross; Kaustubh C. Dabhadkar; Manu Dahiya; Nabila Dahodwala; James Damsere-Derry; Goodarz Danaei; Adrian Davis; Diego De Leo; Louisa Degenhardt; Robert Dellavalle; Allyne Delossantos; Julie Denenberg; Sarah Derrett; Don C. Des Jarlais; Samath D. Dharmaratne; Mukesh Dherani; Cesar Diaz-Torne; Helen Dolk; E. Ray Dorsey; Tim Driscoll; Herbert Duber; Beth Ebel; Karen Edmond; Alexis Elbaz; Suad Eltahir Ali; Holly Erskine; Patricia J. Erwin; Patricia Espindola; Stalin E. Ewoigbokhan; Farshad Farzadfar; Valery Feigin; David T. Felson; Alize Ferrari; Cleusa P. Ferri; Eric M. Fevre; Mariel M. Finucane; Seth Flaxman; Louise Flood; Kyle Foreman; Mohammad H. Forouzanfar; Francis Gerry R. Fowkes; Marlene Fransen; Michael K. Freeman; Belinda J. Gabbe; Sherine E. Gabriel; Emmanuela Gakidou; Hammad A. Ganatra; Bianca Garcia; Flavio Gaspari; Richard F. Gillum; Gerhard Gmel; Diego Gonzalez-Medina; Richard Gosselin; Rebecca Grainger; Bridget Grant; Justina Groeger; Francis Guillemin; David Gunnell; Ramyani Gupta; Juanita Haagsma; Holly Hagan; Yara A. Halasa; Wayne Hall; Diana Haring; Josep Maria Haro; James E. Harrison; Rasmus Havmoeller; Roderick J. Hay; Hideki Higashi; Catherine Hill; Bruno Hoen; Howard Hoffman; Peter J. Hotez; Damian Hoy; John J. Huang; Sydney E. Ibeanusi; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Spencer L. James; Deborah Jarvis; Rashmi Jasrasaria; Sudha Jayaraman; Nicole Johns; Jost B. Jonas; Ganesan Karthikeyan; Nicholas Kassebaum; Norito Kawakami; Andre Keren; Jon-Paul Khoo; Charles H. King; Lisa Marie Knowlton; Olive Kobusingye; Adofo Koranteng; Rita Krishnamurthi; Francine Laden; Ratilal Lalloo; Laura L. Laslett; Tim Lathlean; Janet L. Leasher; Yong Yi Lee; James Leigh; Daphna Levinson; Stephen S. Lim; Elizabeth Limb; John Kent Lin; Michael Lipnick; Steven E. Lipshultz; Wei Liu; Maria Loane; Summer Lockett Ohno; Ronan Lyons; Jacqueline Mabweijano; Michael F. MacIntyre; Reza Malekzadeh; Leslie Mallinger; Sivabalan Manivannan; Wagner Marcenes; Lyn March; David J. Margolis; Guy B. Marks; Robin Marks; Akira Matsumori; Richard Matzopoulos; Bongani M. Mayosi; John H. McAnulty; Mary M. McDermott; Neil McGill; John McGrath; Maria Elena Medina-Mora; Michele Meltzer; George A. Mensah; Tony R. Merriman; Ana-Claire Meyer; Valeria Miglioli; Matthew Miller; Ted R. Miller; Philip B. Mitchell; Charles Mock; Ana Olga Mocumbi; Terrie E. Moffitt; Ali A. Mokdad; Lorenzo Monasta; Marcella Montico; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Andrew Moran; Lidia Morawska; Rintaro Mori; Michele E. Murdoch; Michael K. Mwaniki; Kovin Naidoo; M. Nathan Nair; Luigi Naldi; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Paul K. Nelson; Robert G. Nelson; Michael C. Nevitt; Charles R. Newton; Sandra Nolte; Paul Norman; Rosana Norman; Martin O'Donnell; Simon O'Hanlon; Casey Olives; Saad B. Omer; Katrina Ortblad; Richard Osborne; Doruk Ozgediz; Andrew Page; Bishnu Pahari; Jeyaraj Durai Pandian; Andrea Panozo Rivero; Scott B. Patten; Neil Pearce; Rogelio Perez Padilla; Fernando Perez-Ruiz; Norberto Perico; Konrad Pesudovs; David Phillips; Michael R. Phillips; Kelsey Pierce; Sebastien Pion; Guilherme V. Polanczyk; Suzanne Polinder; C. Arden Pope; Svetlana Popova; Esteban Porrini; Farshad Pourmalek; Martin Prince; Rachel L. Pullan; Kapa D. Ramaiah; Dharani Ranganathan; Homie Razavi; Mathilda Regan; Juergen T. Rehm; David B. Rein; Guiseppe Remuzzi; Kathryn Richardson; Frederick P. Rivara; Thomas Roberts; Carolyn Robinson; Felipe Rodriguez De Leon; Luca Ronfani; Robin Room; Lisa C. Rosenfeld; Lesley Rushton; Ralph L. Sacco; Sukanta Saha; Uchechukwu Sampson; Lidia Sanchez-Riera; Ella Sanman; David C. Schwebel; James Graham Scott; Maria Segui-Gomez; Saeid Shahraz; Donald S. Shepard; Hwashin Shin; Rupak Shivakoti; David Singh; Gitanjali M. Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Jessica Singleton; David A. Sleet; Karen Sliwa; Emma Smith; Jennifer L. Smith; Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg; Andrew Steer; Timothy Steiner; Wilma A. Stolk; Lars Jacob Stovner; Christopher Sudfeld; Sana Syed; Giorgio Tamburlini; Mohammad Tavakkoli; Hugh R. Taylor; Jennifer A. Taylor; William J. Taylor; Bernadette Thomas; W. Murray Thomson; George D. Thurston; Imad M. Tleyjeh; Marcello Tonelli; Jeff Rey A. Towbin; Thomas Truelsen; Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris; Clotilde Ubeda; Eduardo A. Undurraga; Marieke J. van der Werf; Jim van Os; Monica S. Vavilala; N. Venketasubramanian; Mengru Wang; Wenzhi Wang; Kerrianne Watt; David J. Weatherall; Martin A. Weinstock; Robert Weintraub; Marc G. Weisskopf; Myrna M. Weissman; Richard A. White; Harvey Whiteford; Natasha Wiebe; Steven T. Wiersma; James D. Wilkinson; Hywel C. Williams; Sean R. M. Williams; Emma Witt; Frederick Wolfe; Anthony D. Woolf; Sarah Wulf; Pon-Hsiu Yeh; Anita K. M. Zaidi; Zhi-Jie Zheng; David Zonies; Alan D. Lopez

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4

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Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

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Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Christopher J. L. Murray, Theo Vos, Rafael Lozano, Mohsen Naghavi, Abraham D. Flaxman, Catherine Michaud, Majid Ezzati, Kenji Shibuya, Joshua A. Salomon, Safa Abdalla, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.380(9859), pp.2197-2223

15/12/2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4

PMID: 23245607

Résumé

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

Background Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time. Methods We calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187 countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points in time with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost life expectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, by age, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs was calculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, prevalence, and disability weights. Findings Global DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2.503 billion) to 2010 (2.490 billion). Crude DALYs per 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred in DALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5 years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific, western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% from injuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990, increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline in DALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51% decrease), and HIV/AIDS (33rd in 1990; 351% increase). Major depressive disorder increased from 15th to 11th rank (37% increase) and road injury from 12th to 10th rank (34% increase). Substantial heterogeneity exists in rankings of leading causes of disease burden among regions. Interpretation Global disease burden has continued to shift away from communicable to non-communicable diseases and from premature death to years lived with disability. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, many communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders remain the dominant causes of disease burden. The rising burden from mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes will impose new challenges on health systems. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account. Because of improved definitions, methods, and data, these results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results.

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Titre: Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Créateurs - sans rôle: Christopher J. L. Murray - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Theo Vos - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Rafael Lozano - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Mohsen Naghavi - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Abraham D. Flaxman - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Catherine Michaud - China Med Board, Boston, MA USA
Majid Ezzati - Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England
Kenji Shibuya - Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan
Joshua A. Salomon - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Safa Abdalla
Victor Aboyans - Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France
Jerry Abraham - Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
Ilana Ackerman
Rakesh Aggarwal - Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Stephanie Y. Ahn - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Mohammed K. Ali
Miriam Alvarado - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
H. Ross Anderson - St Georges Univ London, London, England
Laurie M. Anderson - Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Kathryn G. Andrews - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Charles Atkinson - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Larry M. Baddour - Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
Adil N. Bahalim
Suzanne Barker-Collo - Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand
Lope H. Barrero - Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia
David H. Bartels - Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Maria-Gloria Basanez
Amanda Baxter - Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Michelle L. Bell - Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
Emelia J. Benjamin
Derrick Bennett - Univ Oxford, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford, England
Eduardo Bernabe - Kings Coll London, Inst Dent, London WC2R 2LS, England
Kavi Bhalla - Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Bishal Bhandari
Boris Bikbov - Moscow State Univ Med & Dent, Res Inst Transplantol & Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
Aref Bin Abdulhak - King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Gretchen Birbeck - Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
James A. Black - MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England
Hannah Blencowe - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Jed D. Blore - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Fiona Blyth
Ian Bolliger - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Audrey Bonaventure - INSERM, Paris, France
Soufi Ane Boufous
Rupert Bourne - Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England
Michel Boussinesq
Tasanee Braithwaite - Moorfields Eye Hosp, London, England
Carol Brayne - Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England
Lisa Bridgett
Simon Brooker - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Peter Brooks
Traolach S. Brugha - Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England
Claire Bryan-Hancock - Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Chiara Bucello - Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Rachelle Buchbinder - Cabrini Inst, Malvern, Vic, Australia
Geoffrey Buckle - Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA
Christine M. Budke - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
Michael Burch - Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England
Peter Burney
Roy Burstein - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Bianca Calabria - Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Benjamin Campbell - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Charles E. Canter - Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA
Helene Carabin - Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA
Jonathan Carapetis - Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Loreto Carmona - Univ Camilo Jose Cela, Villanueva De La Canada, Spain
Claudia Cella - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Fiona Charlson - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Honglei Chen - NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA
Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng - Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei, Taiwan
David Chou - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Sumeet S. Chugh
Luc E. Coffeng
Steven D. Colan - Harvard Univ, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Samantha Colquhoun - Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia
K. Ellicott Colson - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
John Condon - Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia
Myles D. Connor - Natl Hlth Serv, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Leslie T. Cooper - Loyola Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
Matthew Corriere - Wake Forest Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
Monica Cortinovis - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Karen Courville De Vaccaro - Hosp Dr Gustavo N Collado, Puerto Chitre, Panama
William Couser
Benjamin C. Cowie - Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Michael H. Criqui - Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
Marita Cross
Kaustubh C. Dabhadkar
Manu Dahiya - Queen Mary Univ London, Inst Dent, London, England
Nabila Dahodwala - Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
James Damsere-Derry - Bldg & Rd Res Inst, Kumasi, Ghana
Goodarz Danaei - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Adrian Davis - MRC Hearing & Commun Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England
Diego De Leo
Louisa Degenhardt - Univ Melbourne, Ctr Hlth Policy Programs & Econ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Robert Dellavalle - Denver VA Med Ctr, Denver, VA USA
Allyne Delossantos - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Julie Denenberg - Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
Sarah Derrett - Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Don C. Des Jarlais - Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA
Samath D. Dharmaratne - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Mukesh Dherani - Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England
Cesar Diaz-Torne - Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Helen Dolk - Univ Ulster, Ulster, Ireland
E. Ray Dorsey
Tim Driscoll - Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Herbert Duber
Beth Ebel
Karen Edmond - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Alexis Elbaz - INSERM, Paris, France
Suad Eltahir Ali - Fed Minist Hlth, Khartoum, Sudan
Holly Erskine - Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Patricia J. Erwin - Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
Patricia Espindola - Hosp Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay
Stalin E. Ewoigbokhan - Emerald Publ Hlth Consulting Serv Ltd, Abuja, Nigeria
Farshad Farzadfar
Valery Feigin - Auckland Tech Univ, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand
David T. Felson - Boston University
Alize Ferrari - Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Cleusa P. Ferri
Eric M. Fevre - Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Mariel M. Finucane - Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Seth Flaxman - Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Louise Flood - Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Kyle Foreman
Mohammad H. Forouzanfar - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Francis Gerry R. Fowkes - Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
Marlene Fransen - Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Michael K. Freeman - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Belinda J. Gabbe - Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia
Sherine E. Gabriel - Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
Emmanuela Gakidou - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Hammad A. Ganatra
Bianca Garcia
Flavio Gaspari - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Richard F. Gillum - Howard Univ, Coll Med, Washington, DC USA
Gerhard Gmel - Addict Info Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
Diego Gonzalez-Medina - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Richard Gosselin
Rebecca Grainger - Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Bridget Grant
Justina Groeger - Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Coll Med, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA
Francis Guillemin - Univ Lorraine, Nancy, France
David Gunnell - Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England
Ramyani Gupta - St Georges Univ London, London, England
Juanita Haagsma
Holly Hagan - NYU, New York, NY USA
Yara A. Halasa - Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Wayne Hall
Diana Haring - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Josep Maria Haro - Univ Barcelona, CIBERSAM, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain
James E. Harrison - Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Rasmus Havmoeller - Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Heart, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
Roderick J. Hay - Kings Coll London, Hosp NHS Trust, London WC2R 2LS, England
Hideki Higashi - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Catherine Hill - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Bruno Hoen - Univ Franche Comte, F-25030 Besancon, France
Howard Hoffman - NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Peter J. Hotez - Baylor Coll Med, Natl Sch Trop Med, Waco, TX USA
Damian Hoy
John J. Huang - Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
Sydney E. Ibeanusi - Univ Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Kathryn H. Jacobsen - George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Spencer L. James - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Deborah Jarvis
Rashmi Jasrasaria - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Sudha Jayaraman - Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Nicole Johns - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany
Ganesan Karthikeyan - All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India
Nicholas Kassebaum - Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Norito Kawakami
Andre Keren - Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Dept Cardiol, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel
Jon-Paul Khoo - Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Charles H. King - Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Lisa Marie Knowlton - Harvard Univ, Harvard Humanitarian Initiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Olive Kobusingye - Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda
Adofo Koranteng - Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana
Rita Krishnamurthi
Francine Laden - Harvard University
Ratilal Lalloo - Griffith Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Hlth, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
Laura L. Laslett - Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
Tim Lathlean - Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Janet L. Leasher - Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA
Yong Yi Lee - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
James Leigh - Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Daphna Levinson - Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel
Stephen S. Lim - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Elizabeth Limb - St Georges Univ London, London, England
John Kent Lin - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Michael Lipnick
Steven E. Lipshultz - Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Wei Liu - Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Maria Loane - Univ Ulster, Ulster, Ireland
Summer Lockett Ohno - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Ronan Lyons - Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
Jacqueline Mabweijano - Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda
Michael F. MacIntyre - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Reza Malekzadeh - Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Leslie Mallinger - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Sivabalan Manivannan - Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA
Wagner Marcenes
Lyn March - Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
David J. Margolis - Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Guy B. Marks
Robin Marks
Akira Matsumori - Asian Pacific Soc Cardiol, Kyoto, Japan
Richard Matzopoulos - MRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
Bongani M. Mayosi
John H. McAnulty - Legacy Hlth Syst, Portland, OR USA
Mary M. McDermott - Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL USA
Neil McGill
John McGrath - Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Maria Elena Medina-Mora - Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Michele Meltzer - Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
George A. Mensah - Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
Tony R. Merriman - Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Ana-Claire Meyer
Valeria Miglioli - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Matthew Miller - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Ted R. Miller - Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
Philip B. Mitchell - Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Charles Mock
Ana Olga Mocumbi - Natl Inst Hlth, Maputo, Mozambique
Terrie E. Moffitt - Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA
Ali A. Mokdad - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Lorenzo Monasta - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Marcella Montico - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
Andrew Moran
Lidia Morawska - Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia
Rintaro Mori - Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan
Michele E. Murdoch - Watford Dist Gen Hosp, Watford, England
Michael K. Mwaniki - Kemri Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya
Kovin Naidoo - Univ KwaZulu Natal, AVRI, Durban, South Africa
M. Nathan Nair - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Luigi Naldi - Ctr Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy
K. M. Venkat Narayan
Paul K. Nelson - Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Robert G. Nelson - NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
Michael C. Nevitt - Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Charles R. Newton
Sandra Nolte - Charite, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
Paul Norman
Rosana Norman - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Martin O'Donnell - Natl Univ Ireland Galway, HRB Clin Res Facil, Galway, Ireland
Simon O'Hanlon
Casey Olives
Saad B. Omer - Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA
Katrina Ortblad - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Richard Osborne - Deakin Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Doruk Ozgediz - Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA
Andrew Page - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Bishnu Pahari - BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Dharan, Nepal
Jeyaraj Durai Pandian - Betty Cowan Res & Innovat Ctr, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Andrea Panozo Rivero - Hosp Joan 23, La Paz, Bolivia
Scott B. Patten - Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Neil Pearce - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Rogelio Perez Padilla - Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Fernando Perez-Ruiz - Hosp Univ Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain
Norberto Perico - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Konrad Pesudovs - Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
David Phillips - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Michael R. Phillips - Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
Kelsey Pierce - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Sebastien Pion
Guilherme V. Polanczyk - Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Suzanne Polinder - Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands
C. Arden Pope - Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA
Svetlana Popova - Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
Esteban Porrini - Hosp Univ Canarias, Tenerif, Spain
Farshad Pourmalek - Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Martin Prince - Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England
Rachel L. Pullan - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Kapa D. Ramaiah - Vector Control Res Ctr, Pondicherry, India
Dharani Ranganathan - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Homie Razavi - Ctr Dis Anal, Louisville, CO USA
Mathilda Regan - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Juergen T. Rehm - Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
David B. Rein - Univ Chicago, NORC, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Guiseppe Remuzzi - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy
Kathryn Richardson - Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England
Frederick P. Rivara
Thomas Roberts - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Carolyn Robinson
Felipe Rodriguez De Leon - Complejo Hosp Caja Seguro Social, Panama City, Panama
Luca Ronfani - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Robin Room - Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Lisa C. Rosenfeld - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Lesley Rushton
Ralph L. Sacco - University of Miami
Sukanta Saha - Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Uchechukwu Sampson - Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA
Lidia Sanchez-Riera - Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Ella Sanman - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
David C. Schwebel - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
James Graham Scott - Univ Queensland, Clin Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Maria Segui-Gomez - Minist Interior, Madrid, Spain
Saeid Shahraz - Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Donald S. Shepard - Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Hwashin Shin - Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
Rupak Shivakoti
David Singh - Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA
Gitanjali M. Singh - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Jasvinder A. Singh - Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
Jessica Singleton - Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
David A. Sleet - Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA
Karen Sliwa - Univ Cape Town, Hatter Inst, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa
Emma Smith - Univ Sydney, No Clin Sch, Dept Rheumatol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Jennifer L. Smith - London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg
Andrew Steer - Univ Melbourne, Ctr Int Child Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Timothy Steiner
Wilma A. Stolk
Lars Jacob Stovner - Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
Christopher Sudfeld - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Sana Syed - Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Giorgio Tamburlini - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Mohammad Tavakkoli - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Hugh R. Taylor
Jennifer A. Taylor - Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
William J. Taylor - Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Bernadette Thomas
W. Murray Thomson - Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
George D. Thurston - NYU, New York, NY USA
Imad M. Tleyjeh - King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Marcello Tonelli - University of Alberta
Jeff Rey A. Towbin - Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA
Thomas Truelsen - Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Herlev, Denmark
Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris - Univ Crete, Sch Med, Iraklion, Greece
Clotilde Ubeda - ANLIS, Inst Nacl Epidemiol, Malbran, Argentina
Eduardo A. Undurraga - Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA
Marieke J. van der Werf - KNCV TB Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands
Jim van Os - Maastricht University
Monica S. Vavilala
N. Venketasubramanian - Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore
Mengru Wang - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Wenzhi Wang - Capital Med Univ, Beijing Neurosurg Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China
Kerrianne Watt - James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
David J. Weatherall
Martin A. Weinstock - Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA
Robert Weintraub - Univ Melbourne, Dept Pediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Marc G. Weisskopf - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Myrna M. Weissman - Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA
Richard A. White - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Harvey Whiteford - Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Natasha Wiebe
Steven T. Wiersma
James D. Wilkinson - Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
Hywel C. Williams - Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England
Sean R. M. Williams - Hollywood Orthopaed Grp, Perth, WA, Australia
Emma Witt
Frederick Wolfe - Arthrit Res, Wichita, KS USA
Anthony D. Woolf - Royal Cornwall Hosp, Truro, England
Sarah Wulf - Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
Pon-Hsiu Yeh - London Sch Econ, London WC2A 2AE, England
Anita K. M. Zaidi - Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Zhi-Jie Zheng - Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
David Zonies - Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany
Alan D. Lopez - Univ Queensland, Sch Populat Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Détails de publication: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.380(9859), pp.2197-2223
Éditeur: Elsevier
Nombre de pages: 27
Note de subvention: K23 AG034236 / NIH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA University of Tasmania World Health Organization Commonwealth Government of Australia; Australian Government Department of Health London for the National Health Service Information Centre; National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) G0801056B; G0901214 / Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) AUT University NF-SI-0611-10084 / National Institute for Health Research; National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Award of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation European Center for Injury Prevention, Universidad de Navarra
Identifiants: 99148782009311
Unité académique: Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infect. Endém. émerg. - TransVIHMI
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article