Development of the Model of Galactic Interstellar Emission for Standard Point-Source Analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

F. Acero; M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Albert; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; R. Bellazzini; E. Bissaldi; E.D. Bloom; R. Bonino; E. Bottacini; T.J. Brandt; J. Bregeon; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G.A. Caliandro; R.A. Cameron; M. Caragiulo; P.A. Caraveo; J.M. Casandjian; E. Cavazzuti; C. Cecchi; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; J. Chiang; G. Chiaro; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; Johann Cohen-Tanugi; J. Conrad; A. Cuoco; S. Cutini; F. d'Ammando; A. de Angelis; F. de Palma; R. Desiante; S.W. Digel; L. Di Venere; P.S. Drell; C. Favuzzi; S.J. Fegan; E.C. Ferrara; W.B. Focke; A. Franckowiak; S. Funk; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; I.A. Grenier; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; A.K. Harding; K. Hayashi; E. Hays; J.W. Hewitt; A.B. Hill; D. Horan; X. Hou; T. Jogler; G. Johannesson; T. Kamae; M. Kuss; D. Landriu; S. Larsson; L. Latronico; J. Li; L. Li; F. Longo; F. Loparco; M.N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; S. Maldera; D. Malyshev; A. Manfreda; P. Martin; M. Mayer; M.N. Mazziotta; J.E. Mcenery; P.F. Michelson; N. Mirabal; T. Mizuno; M.E. Monzani; A. Morselli; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; N. Omodei; M. Orienti; E. Orlando; J.F. Ormes; D. Paneque; M. Pesce-Rollins; F. Piron; G. Pivato; S. Raino; R. Rando; M. Razzano; S. Razzaque; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; Q. Remy; N. Renault; M. Sanchez-Conde; M. Schaal; A. Schulz; C. Sgro; E.J. Siskind; F. Spada; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; A.W. Strong; D.J. Suson; H. Tajima; H. Takahashi; J.B. Thayer; D.J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; M. Tinivella; D.F. Torres; G. Tosti; E. Troja; G. Vianello; M. Werner; K.S. Wood; M. Wood; G. Zaharijas; S. Zimmer

doi:10.3847/0067-0049/223/2/26

Back

Development of the Model of Galactic Interstellar Emission for Standard Point-Source Analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Development of the Model of Galactic Interstellar Emission for Standard Point-Source Analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

F. Acero, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, …

The Astrophysical Journal Supplement, Vol.223(2)

2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/223/2/26

Abstract

gamma rays: diffuse background

gamma rays: general

gamma rays: ISM

emission: model

galaxy: model

p: cosmic radiation

p: spectrum

p: density

bubble

gas

Compton scattering

emission

gamma ray

structure

nucleon

photon

GLAST

Most of the celestial γ rays detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the interstellar medium when energetic cosmic rays interact with interstellar nucleons and photons. Conventional point-source and extended-source studies rely on the modeling of this diffuse emission for accurate characterization. Here, we describe the development of the Galactic Interstellar Emission Model (GIEM), which is the standard adopted by the LAT Collaboration and is publicly available. This model is based on a linear combination of maps for interstellar gas column density in Galactocentric annuli and for the inverse-Compton emission produced in the Galaxy. In the GIEM, we also include large-scale structures like Loop I and the Fermi bubbles. The measured gas emissivity spectra confirm that the cosmic-ray proton density decreases with Galactocentric distance beyond 5 kpc from the Galactic Center. The measurements also suggest a softening of the proton spectrum with Galactocentric distance. We observe that the Fermi bubbles have boundaries with a shape similar to a catenary at latitudes below 20° and we observe an enhanced emission toward their base extending in the north and south Galactic directions and located within ∼4° of the Galactic Center.

Files and links (2)

url

Find in HALView

url

https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/223/2/26View

Published (Version of record) Open

Metrics

1 Record Views

See more details

Details

Title: Development of the Model of Galactic Interstellar Emission for Standard Point-Source Analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data
Creators - without role: F. Acero - Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
M. Ackermann - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
M. Ajello - Clemson University
A. Albert - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. Baldini - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
J. Ballet - Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
G. Barbiellini - University of Trieste
D. Bastieri - University of Padua
R. Bellazzini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E. Bissaldi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
E.D. Bloom - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R. Bonino - University of Turin
E. Bottacini - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T.J. Brandt - Goddard Space Flight Center
J. Bregeon - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P. Bruel - École Polytechnique
R. Buehler - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
S. Buson - Goddard Space Flight Center
G.A. Caliandro - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R.A. Cameron - Stanford University
M. Caragiulo - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
P.A. Caraveo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
J.M. Casandjian - Université Paris Cité
E. Cavazzuti - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
C. Cecchi - University of Perugia
E. Charles - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Chekhtman - George Mason University
J. Chiang - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
G. Chiaro - University of Padua
S. Ciprini - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
R. Claus - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Johann Cohen-Tanugi - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
J. Conrad - Stockholm University
A. Cuoco - University of Turin
S. Cutini - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
F. d'Ammando
A. de Angelis - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F. de Palma - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
R. Desiante - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
S.W. Digel - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. Di Venere - Polytechnic University of Bari
P.S. Drell - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
C. Favuzzi - Polytechnic University of Bari
S.J. Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
E.C. Ferrara - Goddard Space Flight Center
W.B. Focke - Stanford University
A. Franckowiak - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Funk - Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
P. Fusco - Polytechnic University of Bari
F. Gargano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
D. Gasparrini - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
N. Giglietto - Polytechnic University of Bari
F. Giordano - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. Giroletti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
T. Glanzman - Stanford University
G. Godfrey - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
I.A. Grenier - CEA Paris-Saclay
S. Guiriec - Goddard Space Flight Center
D. Hadasch - Universität Innsbruck
A.K. Harding - Goddard Space Flight Center
K. Hayashi - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
E. Hays - Goddard Space Flight Center
J.W. Hewitt - University of North Florida
A.B. Hill - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
D. Horan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
X. Hou - Chinese Academy of Sciences
T. Jogler - Stanford University
G. Johannesson - University of Iceland
T. Kamae - The University of Tokyo
M. Kuss - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
D. Landriu - Université Paris Cité
S. Larsson - Fraunhofer Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics
L. Latronico - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
J. Li - Institute of Space Sciences
L. Li - KTH Royal Institute of Technology
F. Longo - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F. Loparco - Polytechnic University of Bari
M.N. Lovellette - United States Naval Research Laboratory
P. Lubrano - University of Perugia
S. Maldera - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
D. Malyshev - Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
A. Manfreda - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
P. Martin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. Mayer - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
M.N. Mazziotta - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
J.E. Mcenery - University of Maryland, College Park
P.F. Michelson - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
N. Mirabal - Goddard Space Flight Center
T. Mizuno - Hiroshima University
M.E. Monzani - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Morselli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
E. Nuss - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
T. Ohsugi - Hiroshima University
N. Omodei - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Orienti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
E. Orlando - Stanford University
J.F. Ormes - University of Denver
D. Paneque - Max Planck Institute for Physics
M. Pesce-Rollins - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
F. Piron - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G. Pivato - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
S. Raino - Polytechnic University of Bari
R. Rando - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
M. Razzano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
S. Razzaque - University of Johannesburg
A. Reimer - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
O. Reimer - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Q. Remy - Université Paris Cité
N. Renault - CEA Paris-Saclay
M. Sanchez-Conde - AlbaNova
M. Schaal - National Academy of Sciences
A. Schulz - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
C. Sgro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E.J. Siskind - Real Time Tomography
F. Spada - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
G. Spandre - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
P. Spinelli - Polytechnic University of Bari
A.W. Strong - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
D.J. Suson - Purdue University Northwest
H. Tajima - Nagoya University
H. Takahashi - Hiroshima University
J.B. Thayer - Stanford University
D.J. Thompson - Goddard Space Flight Center
L. Tibaldo - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Tinivella - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
D.F. Torres - Institute of Space Sciences
G. Tosti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
E. Troja - Goddard Space Flight Center
G. Vianello - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Werner - Universität Innsbruck
K.S. Wood - United States Naval Research Laboratory
M. Wood - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
G. Zaharijas - University of Nova Gorica
S. Zimmer - AlbaNova
Publication Details: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement, Vol.223(2)
Identifiers: 9935242709311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-02017060