Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Eta Carinae during its 2020 periastron passage

F Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; J Aschersleben; H Ashkar; V Barbosa Martins; R Batzofin; Y Becherini; D Berge; K Bernlöhr; M Böttcher; C Boisson; J Bolmont; M. de Bony de Lavergne; F Bradascio; R Brose; A Brown; F Brun; B Bruno; C Burger-Scheidlin; S Casanova; J Celic; M Cerruti; T Chand; S Chandra; A Chen; J Chibueze; O Chibueze; T Collins; G Cotter; J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye; J de Assis Scarpin; J Devin; A Djannati-Ataï; J Djuvsland; A Dmytriiev; K Egberts; S Einecke; J.-P Ernenwein; C. Escañuela Nieves; K Feijen; M Filipovic; G Fontaine; S Funk; S Gabici; J.F Glicenstein; G Grolleron; M.-H Grondin; L Haerer; B Heß; J.A Hinton; W Hofmann; T.L Holch; M Holler; D Horns; Zhiqiu Huang; M Jamrozy; F Jankowsky; A Jardin-Blicq; I Jung-Richardt; K Katarzyński; R Khatoon; B Khélifi; W Kluźniak; Nu Komin; K Kosack; D Kostunin; R.G Lang; S Le Stum; A Lemière; M Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P Lenain; A Luashvili; J Mackey; D Malyshev; V Marandon; A Marcowith; G Martí-Devesa; R Marx; A Mehta; A Mitchell; R Moderski; M.O Moghadam; L Mohrmann; E Moulin; M de Naurois; J Niemiec; S Ohm; L Olivera-Nieto; E de Ona Wilhelmi; M Ostrowski; S Panny; M Panter; R.D Parsons; U Pensec; G Pühlhofer; A Quirrenbach; S Ravikularaman; M Regeard; A Reimer; O Reimer; Q Remy; H Ren; B Reville; F Rieger; G Rowell; B Rudak; E Ruiz-Velasco; K Sabri; V Sahakian; H Salzmann; A Santangelo; M Sasaki; J Schäfer; F Schüssler; H.M Schutte; J.N.S Shapopi; S Spencer; Ł Stawarz; R Steenkamp; S Steinmassl; C Steppa; K Streil; T Tanaka; R Terrier; M Tluczykont; M Tsirou; N Tsuji; C van Eldik; M Vecchi; C Venter; T Wach; S.J Wagner; F Werner; R White; A Wierzcholska; M Zacharias; A.A Zdziarski; A Zech; N Żywucka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453052

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Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Eta Carinae during its 2020 periastron passage

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Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Eta Carinae during its 2020 periastron passage

F Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, J Aschersleben, H Ashkar, V Barbosa Martins, R Batzofin, Y Becherini, D Berge, K Bernlöhr, M Böttcher, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.694

2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453052

Résumé

The colliding-wind binary system $\eta$ Carinae has been identified as a source of high-energy (HE, below $\sim$100 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE, above $\sim$100 GeV) gamma rays in the last decade, making it unique among these systems. With its eccentric 5.5-year-long orbit, the periastron passage, during which the stars are separated by only $1-2$ au, is an intriguing time interval to probe particle acceleration processes within the system. In this work, we report on an extensive VHE observation campaign that for the first time covers the full periastron passage carried out with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in its 5-telescope configuration with upgraded cameras. VHE gamma-ray emission from $\eta$ Carinae was detected during the periastron passage with a steep spectrum with spectral index $\Gamma= 3.3 \pm 0.2_{\mathrm{stat}} \, \pm 0.1_{\mathrm{syst}}$. Together with previous and follow-up observations, we derive a long-term light curve sampling one full orbit, showing hints of an increase of the VHE flux towards periastron, but no hint of variability during the passage itself. An analysis of contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data shows that the VHE spectrum represents a smooth continuation of the HE spectrum. From modelling the combined spectrum we conclude that the gamma-ray emission region is located at distances of ${\sim}10 - 20$ au from the centre of mass of the system and that protons are accelerated up to energies of at least several TeV inside the system in this phase.

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Titre: Detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Eta Carinae during its 2020 periastron passage
Créateurs - sans rôle: F Aharonian
F. Ait Benkhali - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J Aschersleben - Heidelberg University
H Ashkar - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
V Barbosa Martins
R Batzofin - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
Y Becherini - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
D Berge - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
K Bernlöhr - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M Böttcher - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C Boisson - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M. de Bony de Lavergne - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
F Bradascio - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
R Brose - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A Brown - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F Brun - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
B Bruno - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
C Burger-Scheidlin - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S Casanova - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
J Celic - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
M Cerruti - Université Paris Cité
T Chand - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
S Chandra - North-West University
A Chen - North-West University
J Chibueze - University of the Witwatersrand
O Chibueze - North-West University
T Collins - North-West University
G Cotter - University of Potsdam
J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye - University of Oxford
J de Assis Scarpin - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
J Devin - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A Djannati-Ataï - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
J Djuvsland - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
A Dmytriiev - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
K Egberts - North-West University
S Einecke - University of Potsdam
J.-P Ernenwein - The University of Adelaide
C. Escañuela Nieves
K Feijen - Université Paris Cité
M Filipovic - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
G Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
S Funk - École Polytechnique
S Gabici - Université Paris Cité
J.F Glicenstein - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
G Grolleron - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M.-H Grondin - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
L Haerer - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
B Heß
J.A Hinton - University of Tübingen
W Hofmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
T.L Holch - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M Holler - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
D Horns - Universität Innsbruck
Zhiqiu Huang
M Jamrozy - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
F Jankowsky - Jagiellonian University
A Jardin-Blicq - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
I Jung-Richardt - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
K Katarzyński - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R Khatoon - Nicolaus Copernicus University
B Khélifi - Université Paris Cité
W Kluźniak - Université Paris Cité
Nu Komin - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
K Kosack - CEA Paris-Saclay
D Kostunin - Université Paris-Saclay
R.G Lang - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
S Le Stum - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
A Lemière - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
J.-P Lenain - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
A Luashvili - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
J Mackey - Université Paris Cité
D Malyshev - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
V Marandon - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
A Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G Martí-Devesa - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
R Marx - Universität Innsbruck
A Mehta - Heidelberg University
A Mitchell - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
R Moderski - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M.O Moghadam - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
L Mohrmann - University of Potsdam
E Moulin - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
M de Naurois - CEA Paris-Saclay
J Niemiec - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
S Ohm - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
L Olivera-Nieto - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
E de Ona Wilhelmi - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M Ostrowski - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
S Panny - Jagiellonian University
M Panter - Universität Innsbruck
R.D Parsons - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
U Pensec - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
G Pühlhofer - Sorbonne Université
A Quirrenbach - University of Tübingen
S Ravikularaman - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Regeard - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A Reimer - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
O Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
Q Remy
H Ren
B Reville
F Rieger
G Rowell
B Rudak
E Ruiz-Velasco
K Sabri - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
V Sahakian
H Salzmann
A Santangelo
M Sasaki
J Schäfer
F Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H.M Schutte
J.N.S Shapopi
S Spencer
Ł Stawarz
R Steenkamp
S Steinmassl
C Steppa
K Streil
T Tanaka
R Terrier - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Tluczykont
M Tsirou
N Tsuji
C van Eldik
M Vecchi
C Venter
T Wach
S.J Wagner
F Werner
R White
A Wierzcholska
M Zacharias
A.A Zdziarski
A Zech - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
N Żywucka
Détails de publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.694
Identifiants: 99152584709311
Unité académique: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article
Champs locaux: hal-04928242