Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S

F Aharonian; F Ait Benkhali; J Aschersleben; H Ashkar; M Backes; V Barbosa Martins; R Batzofin; Y Becherini; D Berge; K Bernlöhr; B Bi; M Böttcher; C Boisson; J Bolmont; J Borowska; M Bouyahiaoui; F Bradascio; R Brose; F Brun; B Bruno; T Bulik; C Burger-Scheidlin; F Cangemi; S Caroff; S Casanova; J Celic; M Cerruti; P Chambery; T Chand; S Chandra; A Chen; J Chibueze; O Chibueze; G Cotter; J Damascene Mbarubucyeye; J Devin; A Djannati-Ataï; A Dmytriiev; K Egberts; S Einecke; J.-P Ernenwein; K Feijen; G Fichet de Clairfontaine; M Filipovic; G Fontaine; M Füßling; S Funk; S Gabici; Y.A Gallant; S Ghafourizadeh; G Giavitto; L Giunti; D Glawion; J.F Glicenstein; P Goswami; G Grolleron; M.-H Grondin; L Haerer; M Haupt; G Hermann; J.A Hinton; W Hofmann; T.L Holch; M Holler; D Horns; Zhiqiu Huang; M Jamrozy; F Jankowsky; V Joshi; I Jung-Richardt; E Kasai; K Katarzynski; B Khélifi; W Klúzniak; Nu Komin; K Kosack; D Kostunin; R.G Lang; S Le Stum; F Leitl; A Lemière; M Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P Lenain; F Leuschner; T Lohse; A Luashvili; I Lypova; J Mackey; D Malyshev; V Marandon; P Marchegiani; A Marcowith; P Marinos; G Martí-Devesa; R Marx; G Maurin; P.J Meintjes; M Meyer; A Mitchell; R Moderski; L Mohrmann; A Montanari; E Moulin; J Muller; K Nakashima; M de Naurois; J Niemiec; A. Priyana Noel; P O'Brien; S Ohm; L Olivera-Nieto; E de Ona Wilhelmi; M Ostrowski; S Panny; M Panter; R.D Parsons; G Peron; D.A Prokhorov; G Pühlhofer; A Quirrenbach; A Reimer; O Reimer; M Renaud; B Reville; F Rieger; G Rowell; B Rudak; H. Rueda Ricarte; E Ruiz-Velasco; V Sahakian; H Salzmann; A Santangelo; M Sasaki; F Schüssler; H.M Schutte; U Schwanke; J.N.S Shapopi; A Sinha; H Sol; A Specovius; S Spencer; Ł Stawarz; S Steinmassl; I Sushch; H Suzuki; T Takahashi; T Tanaka; T Tavernier; A.M Taylor; R Terrier; C Thorpe-Morgan; M Tsirou; N Tsuji; M Vecchi; C Venter; J Vink; S.J Wagner; R White; A Wierzcholska; Yu Wun Wong; M Zacharias; D Zargaryan; A.A Zdziarski; A Zech; S Zouari; N Zywucka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245776

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Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S

Journal article

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Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S

F Aharonian, F Ait Benkhali, J Aschersleben, H Ashkar, M Backes, V Barbosa Martins, R Batzofin, Y Becherini, D Berge, K Bernlöhr, …

Astron.Astrophys, Vol.673

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245776

Abstract

gamma ray: emission

gamma ray: VHE

Cherenkov counter: atmosphere

diffusion: model

electron: diffusion

electron: energy

pulsar

TeV

Cherenkov

water

halo

background

lepton

pulsar wind nebula

flux

asymmetry

HAWC

energy dependence

HESS

galaxy

imaging

Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy gamma-ray emission around the pulsar was discovered by Milagro and later confirmed by HAWC, which are both water Cherenkov detector-based experiments. However, evidence for the Geminga pulsar wind nebula in gamma rays has long evaded detection by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) despite targeted observations. The detection of gamma-ray emission on angular scales > 2 deg poses a considerable challenge for the background estimation in IACT data analysis. With recent developments in understanding the complementary background estimation techniques of water Cherenkov and atmospheric Cherenkov instruments, the H.E.S.S. IACT array can now confirm the detection of highly extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with a radius of at least 3 deg in the energy range 0.5-40 TeV. We find no indications for statistically significant asymmetries or energy-dependent morphology. A flux normalisation of $(2.8\pm0.7)\times10^{-12}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$TeV$^{-1}$ at 1 TeV is obtained within a 1 deg radius region around the pulsar. To investigate the particle transport within the halo of energetic leptons around the pulsar, we fitted an electron diffusion model to the data. The normalisation of the diffusion coefficient obtained of $D_0 = 7.6^{+1.5}_{-1.2} \times 10^{27}$ cm$^2$s$^{-1}$, at an electron energy of 100 TeV, is compatible with values previously reported for the pulsar halo around Geminga, which is considerably below the Galactic average.

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Title: Detection of extended gamma-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S
Creators - without role: F Aharonian - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F Ait Benkhali
J Aschersleben - University of Groningen
H Ashkar - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M Backes - University of Namibia
V Barbosa Martins
R Batzofin - University of the Witwatersrand
Y Becherini - Université Paris Cité
D Berge - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
K Bernlöhr - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
B Bi - University of Tübingen
M Böttcher - North-West University
C Boisson - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
J Borowska - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M Bouyahiaoui - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
F Bradascio - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
R Brose - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F Brun - CEA Paris-Saclay
B Bruno - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
T Bulik - University of Warsaw
C Burger-Scheidlin - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F Cangemi - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
S Caroff - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S Casanova - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
J Celic - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M Cerruti - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
P Chambery - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
T Chand - North-West University
S Chandra - North-West University
A Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
J Chibueze - North-West University
O Chibueze
G Cotter - North-West University
J Damascene Mbarubucyeye
J Devin - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A Djannati-Ataï - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A Dmytriiev - North-West University
K Egberts - University of Potsdam
S Einecke - University of Adelaide
J.-P Ernenwein - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
K Feijen - University of Adelaide
G Fichet de Clairfontaine - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
M Filipovic - Western Sydney University
G Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M Füßling
S Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S Gabici - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
Y.A Gallant - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
S Ghafourizadeh - Heidelberg University
G Giavitto
L Giunti - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D Glawion - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J.F Glicenstein - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
P Goswami - North-West University
G Grolleron - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M.-H Grondin - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
L Haerer
M Haupt
G Hermann
J.A Hinton
W Hofmann
T.L Holch
M Holler - Universität Innsbruck
D Horns - Universität Hamburg
Zhiqiu Huang
M Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
F Jankowsky
V Joshi - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
I Jung-Richardt
E Kasai - University of Namibia
K Katarzynski - Nicolaus Copernicus University
B Khélifi - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
W Klúzniak
Nu Komin
K Kosack - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D Kostunin
R.G Lang
S Le Stum - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
F Leitl
A Lemière - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
J.-P Lenain - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
F Leuschner - University of Tübingen
T Lohse - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
A Luashvili - Janssen
I Lypova
J Mackey
D Malyshev
V Marandon
P Marchegiani
A Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P Marinos - University of Adelaide
G Martí-Devesa
R Marx
G Maurin - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
P.J Meintjes
M Meyer
A Mitchell
R Moderski
L Mohrmann
A Montanari - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
E Moulin - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
J Muller - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
K Nakashima
M de Naurois - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
J Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Priyana Noel
P O'Brien
S Ohm
L Olivera-Nieto
E de Ona Wilhelmi
M Ostrowski
S Panny
M Panter
R.D Parsons
G Peron - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
D.A Prokhorov
G Pühlhofer
A Quirrenbach
A Reimer
O Reimer
M Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
B Reville
F Rieger
G Rowell
B Rudak
H. Rueda Ricarte - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
E Ruiz-Velasco
V Sahakian
H Salzmann
A Santangelo
M Sasaki
F Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H.M Schutte
U Schwanke
J.N.S Shapopi
A Sinha - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
H Sol - Janssen
A Specovius
S Spencer
Ł Stawarz
S Steinmassl
I Sushch
H Suzuki
T Takahashi
T Tanaka
T Tavernier - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
A.M Taylor
R Terrier - Université Paris Cité
C Thorpe-Morgan
M Tsirou
N Tsuji
M Vecchi
C Venter
J Vink
S.J Wagner
R White
A Wierzcholska
Yu Wun Wong
M Zacharias
D Zargaryan
A.A Zdziarski
A Zech - Janssen
S Zouari - Université Paris Cité
N Zywucka
Publication Details: Astron.Astrophys, Vol.673
Identifiers: 9933894009311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-04080197