Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to the canonical clinical epidemiology, is found predominantly in men over 40 in age. However, we have described in Peru an unusually younger HCC patient population harboring unique clinical and molecular features such as an explosive tumor growth in non-cirrhotic liver. To date, ethnoanthropological, biogeographical, or socioeconomic evidence that may explain such dramatic variation in the clinical presentation of the tumor affecting younger people remains unknown. Alarmingly, it appears that this phenomenon would not be restricted to Peru, but can be found in other low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, it is urgent to join efforts to prevent an increase in this divergent form of liver cancer.