Abstract
Quinoa's nutritional advantages have recently brought this plant back into the spotlight; however, this resurgence brings forth new ecological, scientific, and financial challenges. The crop's provenance and genetic diversity, exceptional resilience to salt and dryness, as well as its nutritional attributes, are the reasons behind its potential to offer various ecosystem services and the role of those Andean farmers in safeguarding the area's agro-biodiversity. This study aimed to investigate the pheno-morphological traits and yield variations among four quinoa varieties (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and their adaptation to semi-arid soil and climate conditions in El Khroub, Constantine, Algeria. The results show that all the factors examined in two different seasons vary considerably in terms of yield and quality. In both seasons, the varieties ASQ and Q26 proved to be the best-yielding. Highly significant positive relationships were found between grain size, WTG and grain yield, which were negatively related to flowering days, and that the four varieties show distinct responses according to the rainfall conditions they encounter. Considering the importance of this crop in semi-arid zones, this seed could be adapted to the semi-arid regions of Constantine.