Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87

F Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; C Arcaro; J Aschersleben; M Backes; V Barbosa Martins; R Batzofin; Y Becherini; D Berge; K Bernlöhr; B Bi; M Böttcher; C Boisson; J Bolmont; J Borowska; F Bradascio; M Breuhaus; R Brose; F Brun; B Bruno; T Bulik; C Burger-Scheidlin; T Bylund; S Caroff; S Casanova; R Cecil; J Celic; M Cerruti; T Chand; S Chandra; A Chen; J Chibueze; O Chibueze; G Cotter; J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye; A Djannati-Ataï; K Egberts; J.-P Ernenwein; G. Fichet de Clairfontaine; M Filipovic; G Fontaine; M Füßling; S Funk; S Gabici; S Ghafourizadeh; G Giavitto; D Glawion; J.F Glicenstein; P Goswami; G Grolleron; M.-H Grondin; L Haerer; M Haupt; G Hermann; J.A Hinton; T.L Holch; D Horns; M Jamrozy; F Jankowsky; V Joshi; I Jung-Richardt; E Kasai; K Katarzyński; R Khatoon; B Khélifi; W Kluźniak; Nu Komin; K Kosack; D Kostunin; R.G Lang; S Le Stum; F Leitl; A Lemière; M Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P Lenain; F Leuschner; T Lohse; A Luashvili; I Lypova; J Mackey; D Malyshev; V Marandon; P Marchegiani; A Marcowith; P Marinos; G Martí-Devesa; R Marx; M Meyer; A Mitchell; R Moderski; L Mohrmann; A Montanari; E Moulin; J Muller; K Nakashima; M de Naurois; J Niemiec; A. Priyana Noel; P O'Brien; S Ohm; L Olivera-Nieto; E de Ona Wilhelmi; S Panny; M Panter; R.D Parsons; G Peron; S Pita; D.A Prokhorov; H Prokoph; G Pühlhofer; A Quirrenbach; P Reichherzer; A Reimer; O Reimer; M Renaud; F Rieger; G Rowell; B Rudak; E Ruiz-Velasco; V Sahakian; H Salzmann; D.A Sanchez; A Santangelo; M Sasaki; J Schäfer; F Schüssler; U Schwanke; J.N.S Shapopi; H Sol; A Specovius; S Spencer; Ł Stawarz; R Steenkamp; S Steinmassl; C Steppa; I Sushch; H Suzuki; T Takahashi; T Tanaka; A.M Taylor; R Terrier; M Tsirou; N Tsuji; Y Uchiyama; C van Eldik; B van Soelen; M Vecchi; J Veh; C Venter; J Vink; T Wach; S.J Wagner; R White; A Wierzcholska; Yu Wun Wong; M Zacharias; D Zargaryan; A.A Zdziarski; A Zech; S Zouari; N Żywucka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346056

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Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87

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Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87

F Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, C Arcaro, J Aschersleben, M Backes, V Barbosa Martins, R Batzofin, Y Becherini, D Berge, K Bernlöhr, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.675

2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346056

Résumé

thermal

gamma ray

emission

VHE

cosmic radiation

TeV

rotation

Bayesian

feedback

causality

power spectrum

AGN

HESS

cluster

VIRGO

density

energy

pressure

The origin of the gamma-ray emission from M87 is currently a matter of debate. This work aims to localize the VHE (100 GeV-100 TeV) gamma-ray emission from M87 and probe a potential extended hadronic emission component in the inner Virgo Cluster. The search for a steady and extended gamma-ray signal around M87 can constrain the cosmic-ray energy density and the pressure exerted by the cosmic rays onto the intra-cluster medium, and allow us to investigate the role of the cosmic rays in the active galactic nucleus feedback as a heating mechanism in the Virgo Cluster. H.E.S.S. telescopes are sensitive to VHE gamma rays and have been utilized to observe M87 since 2004. We utilized a Bayesian block analysis to identify M87 emission states with H.E.S.S. observations from 2004 until 2021, dividing them into low, intermediate, and high states. Because of the causality argument, an extended ($\gtrsim$kpc) signal is allowed only in steady emission states. Hence, we fitted the morphology of the 120h low state data and found no significant gamma-ray extension. Therefore, we derived for the low state an upper limit of 58"(corresponding to $\approx$4.6kpc) in the extension of a single-component morphological model described by a rotationally symmetric 2D Gaussian model at 99.7% confidence level. Our results exclude the radio lobes ($\approx$30 kpc) as the principal component of the VHE gamma-ray emission from the low state of M87. The gamma-ray emission is compatible with a single emission region at the radio core of M87. These results, with the help of two multiple-component models, constrain the maximum cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio $X_{{CR,max.}}$$\lesssim$$0.32$ and the total energy in cosmic-ray protons (CRp) to $U_{CR}$$\lesssim$5$\times10^{58}$ erg in the inner 20kpc of the Virgo Cluster for an assumed CRp power-law distribution in momentum with spectral index $\alpha_{p}$=2.1.

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Titre: Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87
Créateurs - sans rôle: F Aharonian - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
F. Ait Benkhali - Heidelberg University
C Arcaro - North-West University
J Aschersleben - University of Groningen
M Backes - North-West University
V Barbosa Martins
R Batzofin - University of Potsdam
Y Becherini - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
D Berge - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
K Bernlöhr - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
B Bi - University of Tübingen
M Böttcher - North-West University
C Boisson - Janssen
J Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
J Borowska - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
F Bradascio - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
M Breuhaus - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R Brose - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F Brun - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
B Bruno - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
T Bulik - University of Warsaw
C Burger-Scheidlin - EarthTech International
T Bylund - Linnaeus University
S Caroff - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S Casanova - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
R Cecil - Universität Hamburg
J Celic - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M Cerruti - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
T Chand - North-West University
S Chandra - North-West University
A Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
J Chibueze - North-West University
O Chibueze
G Cotter - University of Oxford
J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
A Djannati-Ataï - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
K Egberts - University of Potsdam
J.-P Ernenwein - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
G. Fichet de Clairfontaine - Janssen
M Filipovic - Western Sydney University
G Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M Füßling - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
S Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S Gabici - Université Paris Cité
S Ghafourizadeh - Heidelberg University
G Giavitto - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
D Glawion - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J.F Glicenstein - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
P Goswami - North-West University
G Grolleron - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M.-H Grondin - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
L Haerer - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M Haupt - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
G Hermann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.A Hinton - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
T.L Holch - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
D Horns - Universität Hamburg
M Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
F Jankowsky - Heidelberg University
V Joshi - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
I Jung-Richardt - University of Warsaw
E Kasai - University of Namibia
K Katarzyński - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
R Khatoon
B Khélifi - Université Paris Cité
W Kluźniak - The University of Adelaide
Nu Komin - University of the Witwatersrand
K Kosack - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D Kostunin
R.G Lang
S Le Stum - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
F Leitl
A Lemière - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
J.-P Lenain - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
F Leuschner - University of Tübingen
T Lohse - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
A Luashvili - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
I Lypova
J Mackey
D Malyshev
D Malyshev
V Marandon
P Marchegiani
A Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P Marinos
G Martí-Devesa
R Marx
M Meyer - Universität Hamburg
A Mitchell
R Moderski
L Mohrmann
A Montanari - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
E Moulin - CEA Paris-Saclay
J Muller - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
K Nakashima
M de Naurois - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
J Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
A. Priyana Noel
P O'Brien
S Ohm
L Olivera-Nieto
E de Ona Wilhelmi
S Panny
M Panter
R.D Parsons
G Peron - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
S Pita - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
D.A Prokhorov
H Prokoph
G Pühlhofer
A Quirrenbach
P Reichherzer - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A Reimer
O Reimer
M Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
F Rieger
G Rowell
B Rudak
E Ruiz-Velasco
V Sahakian
H Salzmann
D.A Sanchez - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
A Santangelo
M Sasaki
J Schäfer
F Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
U Schwanke
J.N.S Shapopi
H Sol - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
A Specovius
S Spencer
Ł Stawarz
R Steenkamp
S Steinmassl
C Steppa
I Sushch
H Suzuki
T Takahashi
T Tanaka
A.M Taylor
R Terrier - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
M Tsirou
N Tsuji
Y Uchiyama
C van Eldik
B van Soelen
M Vecchi
J Veh
C Venter
J Vink
T Wach
S.J Wagner
R White
A Wierzcholska
Yu Wun Wong
M Zacharias
D Zargaryan
A.A Zdziarski
A Zech - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
S Zouari - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
N Żywucka
Détails de publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.675
Identifiants: 99153479809311
Unité académique: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article
Champs locaux: hal-04111745