Clade I mpox virus genomic diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2024: Predominance of zoonotic transmission

Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki; Adrienne Amuri-Aziza; Nicolas Fernandez-Nuñez; Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo; Catherine Pratt; Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki; Nicole A. Hoff; Gradi Luakanda-Ndelemo; Prince Akil-Bandali; Sabin Sabiti Nundu; Noella Mulopo-Mukanya; Michel Ngimba; Brigitte Modadra-Madakpa; Ruth Diavita; Princesse Paku-Tshambu; Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu; Sydney Merritt; Áine O’Toole; Nicola Low; Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye; Hugo Kavunga-Membo; Robert Shongo Lushima; Laurens Liesenborghs; Tony Wawina-Bokalanga; Koen Vercauteren; Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka; Lorenzo Subissi; Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Jason Kindrachuk; Ahidjo Ayouba; Andrew Rambaut; Eric Delaporte; Sofonias Tessema; Eric D’Ortenzio; Anne W. Rimoin; Lisa E. Hensley; Placide Mbala-Kingebeni; Martine Peeters; Steve Ahuka-Mundeke

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.017

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Clade I mpox virus genomic diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2024: Predominance of zoonotic transmission

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Clade I mpox virus genomic diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2024: Predominance of zoonotic transmission

Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Adrienne Amuri-Aziza, Nicolas Fernandez-Nuñez, Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo, Catherine Pratt, Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Nicole A. Hoff, Gradi Luakanda-Ndelemo, Prince Akil-Bandali, Sabin Sabiti Nundu, …

Cell, Vol.188(1), pp.4-14.e6

09/01/2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.017

PMID: 39454573

Résumé

Africa

APOBEC3

Democratic Republic of the Congo

emergence

genetic diversity

genomic

mpox

One Health

virus

zoonotic spillover

Recent reports raise concerns on the changing epidemiology of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). High-quality genomes were generated for 337 patients from 14/26 provinces to document whether the increase in number of cases is due to zoonotic spillover events or viral evolution, with enrichment of APOBEC3 mutations linked to human adaptation. Our study highlights two patterns of transmission contributing to the source of human cases. All new sequences from the eastern South Kivu province (n = 17; 4.8%) corresponded to the recently described clade Ib, associated with sexual contact and sustained human-to-human transmission. By contrast, all other genomes are clade Ia, which exhibits high genetic diversity with low numbers of APOBEC3 mutations compared with clade Ib, suggesting multiple zoonotic introductions. The presence of multiple clade I variants in urban areas highlights the need for coordinated international response efforts and more studies on the transmission and the reservoir of mpox. [Display omitted] •Two patterns of transmission contribute to human mpox cases in DRC•Mpox in DRC is predominated by clade Ia, exhibiting high genetic diversity•Low numbers of APOBEC3 mutations in clade Ia suggest multiple zoonotic introductions•The limited genetic diversity in clade Ib illustrates recent emergence in humans Molecular characterization of MPXV highlights two patterns of transmission contributing to the source of mpox cases in DRC: the traditional paradigm of zoonotic spillover, with interspecies transmission events (clade Ia), and the more recently observed sustained human-to-human transmission, with an enrichment of APOBEC3-type mutations (clade Ib).

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Titre: Clade I mpox virus genomic diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2024: Predominance of zoonotic transmission
Créateurs - sans rôle: Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Adrienne Amuri-Aziza - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nicolas Fernandez-Nuñez - TransVIHMI, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France
Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Catherine Pratt - Biosurv International, Salisbury SP4 0DQ, England
Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nicole A. Hoff - Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Gradi Luakanda-Ndelemo - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Prince Akil-Bandali - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sabin Sabiti Nundu - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Noella Mulopo-Mukanya - Rodolphe Merieux INRB-Goma Laboratory, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Michel Ngimba - Rodolphe Merieux INRB-Goma Laboratory, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Brigitte Modadra-Madakpa - Rodolphe Merieux INRB-Goma Laboratory, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ruth Diavita - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Princesse Paku-Tshambu - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sydney Merritt - Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Áine O’Toole - Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Nicola Low - University of Bern
Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Hugo Kavunga-Membo - Rodolphe Merieux INRB-Goma Laboratory, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Robert Shongo Lushima - PNLFHMPX, Hemorrhagic Fever and Mpox Program, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Laurens Liesenborghs - Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
Tony Wawina-Bokalanga - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Koen Vercauteren - Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lorenzo Subissi - World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Jason Kindrachuk - University of Manitoba
Ahidjo Ayouba - Université de Montpellier
Andrew Rambaut - University of Edinburgh
Eric Delaporte - Université de Montpellier
Sofonias Tessema - Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Eric D’Ortenzio - ANRS Emerging Infectious Diseases (ANRS MIE), INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
Anne W. Rimoin - University of California, Los Angeles
Lisa E. Hensley - US Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
Placide Mbala-Kingebeni - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Martine Peeters - Université de Montpellier
Steve Ahuka-Mundeke - Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Détails de publication: Cell, Vol.188(1), pp.4-14.e6
Éditeur: Elsevier Inc
Identifiants: 99148905809311
Unité académique: Recherches translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infect. Endém. émerg. - TransVIHMI
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article