Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with H.E.S.S

H. Abdalla; A. Abramowski; F. Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; A.G. Akhperjanian; T. Andersson; E.O. Angüner; M. Arakawa; M. Arrieta; P. Aubert; M. Backes; A. Balzer; M. Barnard; Y. Becherini; J. Becker Tjus; D. Berge; S. Bernhard; K. Bernlöhr; R. Blackwell; M. Böttcher; C. Boisson; J. Bolmont; S. Bonnefoy; P. Bordas; J. Bregeon; F. Brun; P. Brun; M. Bryan; M. Büchele; T. Bulik; M. Capasso; J. Carr; S. Casanova; M. Cerruti; N. Chakraborty; R.C.G. Chaves; A. Chen; J. Chevalier; M. Coffaro; S. Colafrancesco; G. Cologna; B. Condon; J. Conrad; Y. Cui; I.D. Davids; J. Decock; B. Degrange; C. Deil; J. Devin; P. Dewilt; L. Dirson; A. Djannati-Ataï; W. Domainko; A. Donath; L.O'C. Drury; K. Dutson; J. Dyks; T. Edwards; K. Egberts; P. Eger; J.-P. Ernenwein; S. Eschbach; C. Farnier; S. Fegan; M.V. Fernandes; A. Fiasson; G. Fontaine; A. Förster; S. Funk; M. Füssling; S. Gabici; Y.A. Gallant; T. Garrigoux; G. Giavitto; B. Giebels; J.F. Glicenstein; D. Gottschall; A. Goyal; M.-H. Grondin; J. Hahn; M. Haupt; J. Hawkes; G. Heinzelmann; G. Henri; G. Hermann; J.A. Hinton; W. Hofmann; C. Hoischen; T.L. Holch; M. Holler; D. Horns; A. Ivascenko; H. Iwasaki; A. Jacholkowska; M. Jamrozy; M. Janiak; D. Jankowsky; F. Jankowsky; M. Jingo; T. Jogler; L. Jouvin; I. Jung-Richardt; M.A. Kastendieck; K. Katarzyński; M. Katsuragawa; U. Katz; D. Kerszberg; D. Khangulyan; B. Khélifi; J. King; S. Klepser; D. Klochkov; W. Kluźniak; D. Kolitzus; Nu. Komin; K. Kosack; S. Krakau; M. Kraus; P.P. Krüger; H. Laffon; G. Lamanna; J. Lau; J.-P. Lees; J. Lefaucheur; V. Lefranc; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P. Lenain; E. Leser; T. Lohse; M. Lorentz; R. Liu; R. López-Coto; I. Lypova; V. Marandon; Alexandre Marcowith; C. Mariaud; R. Marx; G. Maurin; N. Maxted; M. Mayer; P.J. Meintjes; M. Meyer; A.M.W. Mitchell; R. Moderski; M. Mohamed; L. Mohrmann; K. Morå; E. Moulin; T. Murach; S. Nakashima; M. de Naurois; F. Niederwanger; J. Niemiec; L. Oakes; P. O'Brien; H. Odaka; S. Ohm; M. Ostrowski; I. Oya; M. Padovani; M. Panter; R.D. Parsons; N.W. Pekeur; G. Pelletier; C. Perennes; P.-O. Petrucci; B. Peyaud; Q. Piel; S. Pita; H. Poon; D. Prokhorov; H. Prokoph; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; A. Quirrenbach; S. Raab; R. Rauth; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; Matthieu Renaud; R. de Los Reyes; S. Richter; F. Rieger; C. Romoli; G. Rowell; B. Rudak; C.B. Rulten; V. Sahakian; S. Saito; D. Salek; D.A. Sanchez; A. Santangelo; M. Sasaki; R. Schlickeiser; F. Schüssler; A. Schulz; U. Schwanke; S. Schwemmer; M. Seglar-Arroyo; M. Settimo; A.S. Seyffert; N. Shafi; I. Shilon; R. Simoni; H. Sol; F. Spanier; G. Spengler; F. Spies; R. Steenkamp; C. Stegmann; K. Stycz; I. Sushch; T. Takahashi; J.-P. Tavernet; T. Tavernier; A.M. Taylor; R. Terrier; L. Tibaldo; D. Tiziani; M. Tluczykont; C. Trichard; N. Tsuji; R. Tuffs; Y. Uchiyama; D.J. van Der Walt; C. van Eldik; C. van Rensburg; B. van Soelen; George Vasileiadis; J. Veh; C. Venter; A. Viana; P. Vincent; J. Vink; F. Voisin; H.J. Völk; T. Vuillaume; Z. Wadiasingh; S.J. Wagner; P. Wagner; R.M. Wagner; R. White; A. Wierzcholska; P. Willmann; A. Wörnlein; D. Wouters; R. Yang; D. Zaborov; M. Zacharias; R. Zanin; A.A. Zdziarski; A. Zech; F. Zefi; A. Ziegler; N. Żywucka

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730824

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Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with H.E.S.S

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Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with H.E.S.S

H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A.G. Akhperjanian, T. Andersson, E.O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.612

2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730824

Abstract

gamma rays: general

gamma rays: ISM

Galaxy: center

cosmic rays

The diffuse very high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) γ-ray emission observed in the central 200 pc of the Milky Way by H.E.S.S. was found to follow dense matter distribution in the central molecular zone (CMZ) up to a longitudinal distance of about 130 pc to the Galactic centre (GC), where the flux rapidly decreases. This was initially interpreted as the result of a burst-like injection of energetic particles 104 yr ago, but a recent more sensitive H.E.S.S. analysis revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) density profile drops with the distance to the centre, making data compatible with a steady cosmic PeVatron at the GC. In this paper, we extend this analysis to obtain, for the first time, a detailed characterisation of the correlation with matter and to search for additional features and individual γ-ray sources in the inner 200 pc. Taking advantage of 250 h of H.E.S.S. data and improved analysis techniques, we perform a detailed morphology study of the diffuse VHE emission observed from the GC ridge and reconstruct its total spectrum. To test the various contributions to the total γ-ray emission, we used an iterative 2D maximum-likelihood approach that allows us to build a phenomenological model of the emission by summing a number of different spatial components. We show that the emission correlated with dense matter covers the full CMZ and that its flux is about half the total diffuse emission flux. We also detect some emission at higher latitude that is likely produced by hadronic collisions of CRs in less dense regions of the GC interstellar medium. We detect an additional emission component centred on the GC and extending over about 15 pc that is consistent with the existence of a strong CR density gradient and confirms the presence of a CR accelerator at the very centre of our Galaxy. We show that the spectrum of full ridge diffuse emission is compatible with that previously derived from the central regions, suggesting that a single population of particles fills the entire CMZ. Finally, we report the discovery of a VHE γ-ray source near the GC radio arc and argue that it is produced by the pulsar wind nebula candidate G0.13−0.11.Key words: gamma rays: general / gamma rays: ISM / Galaxy: center / cosmic rays† Deceased.

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Title: Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with H.E.S.S
Creators - without role: H. Abdalla - North-West University
A. Abramowski - Universität Hamburg
F. Aharonian - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
F. Ait Benkhali
A.G. Akhperjanian - National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
T. Andersson - Linnaeus University
E.O. Angüner - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
M. Arakawa - Rikkyo University
M. Arrieta - Université Paris Cité
P. Aubert - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
M. Backes - University of Namibia
A. Balzer - University of Amsterdam
M. Barnard - North-West University
Y. Becherini - Linnaeus University
J. Becker Tjus
D. Berge - University of Amsterdam
S. Bernhard - Universität Innsbruck
K. Bernlöhr - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Blackwell - University of Adelaide
M. Böttcher - North-West University
C. Boisson - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
J. Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
S. Bonnefoy
P. Bordas - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J. Bregeon - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
F. Brun - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
P. Brun - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
M. Bryan - University of Amsterdam
M. Büchele - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
T. Bulik - University of Warsaw
M. Capasso - University of Tübingen
J. Carr - Aix-Marseille Université
S. Casanova - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Cerruti - Sorbonne Paris Cité
N. Chakraborty - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R.C.G. Chaves - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
J. Chevalier - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
M. Coffaro - University of Tübingen
S. Colafrancesco - University of the Witwatersrand
G. Cologna - Heidelberg University
B. Condon - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
J. Conrad - Stockholm University
Y. Cui - University of Tübingen
I.D. Davids - University of Namibia
J. Decock - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
B. Degrange - École Polytechnique
C. Deil - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J. Devin - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P. Dewilt - University of Adelaide
L. Dirson - Universität Hamburg
A. Djannati-Ataï - Université Paris Cité
W. Domainko - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Donath - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
L.O'C. Drury
K. Dutson - University of Leicester
J. Dyks - Polish Academy of Sciences
T. Edwards - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
K. Egberts - University of Potsdam
P. Eger - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.-P. Ernenwein - Aix-Marseille Université
S. Eschbach - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. Farnier - Stockholm University
S. Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M.V. Fernandes - Universität Hamburg
A. Fiasson - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
G. Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
A. Förster - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Füssling
S. Gabici - Université Paris Cité
Y.A. Gallant - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
T. Garrigoux - North-West University
G. Giavitto
B. Giebels - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
J.F. Glicenstein - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
D. Gottschall - University of Tübingen
A. Goyal - Jagiellonian University
M.-H. Grondin - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
J. Hahn - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Haupt
J. Hawkes - University of Adelaide
G. Heinzelmann - Universität Hamburg
G. Henri - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
G. Hermann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
J.A. Hinton - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
W. Hofmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
C. Hoischen - University of Potsdam
T.L. Holch - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M. Holler - Universität Innsbruck
D. Horns - Universität Hamburg
A. Ivascenko - North-West University
H. Iwasaki - Rikkyo University
A. Jacholkowska - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M. Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
M. Janiak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
D. Jankowsky - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
F. Jankowsky - Heidelberg University
M. Jingo - University of the Witwatersrand
T. Jogler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
L. Jouvin - Délégation Paris 7
I. Jung-Richardt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M.A. Kastendieck - Universität Hamburg
K. Katarzyński - Nicolaus Copernicus University
M. Katsuragawa - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
U. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
D. Kerszberg - Sorbonne Paris Cité
D. Khangulyan - Rikkyo University
B. Khélifi - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
J. King - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Klepser
D. Klochkov - University of Tübingen
W. Kluźniak - Polish Academy of Sciences
D. Kolitzus - Universität Innsbruck
Nu. Komin - University of the Witwatersrand
K. Kosack - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
S. Krakau - Ruhr University Bochum
M. Kraus - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
P.P. Krüger - North-West University
H. Laffon - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
G. Lamanna - Université Savoie Mont Blanc
J. Lau - University of Adelaide
J.-P. Lees - Université Savoie Mont Blanc
J. Lefaucheur - Délégation Paris 7
V. Lefranc - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A. Lemière - Sorbonne Paris Cité
M. Lemoine-Goumard - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
J.-P. Lenain - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
E. Leser - University of Potsdam
T. Lohse - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
M. Lorentz - CEA Paris-Saclay
R. Liu - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. López-Coto - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
I. Lypova
V. Marandon - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Alexandre Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
C. Mariaud - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
R. Marx - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
G. Maurin - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
N. Maxted - University of Adelaide
M. Mayer - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
P.J. Meintjes - University of the Free State
M. Meyer - Stockholm University
A.M.W. Mitchell
R. Moderski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
M. Mohamed - Heidelberg University
L. Mohrmann - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
K. Morå - Stockholm University
E. Moulin - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
T. Murach
S. Nakashima - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
M. de Naurois - École Polytechnique
F. Niederwanger - Universität Innsbruck
J. Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
L. Oakes - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
P. O'Brien
H. Odaka - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
S. Ohm
M. Ostrowski - Jagiellonian University
I. Oya
M. Padovani - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
M. Panter - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R.D. Parsons - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
N.W. Pekeur - North-West University
G. Pelletier - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
C. Perennes - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
P.-O. Petrucci - Université Grenoble Alpes
B. Peyaud - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
Q. Piel - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S. Pita - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
H. Poon - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Prokhorov - Linnaeus University
H. Prokoph - University of Amsterdam
G. Pühlhofer - University of Tübingen
M. Punch - Délégation Paris 7
A. Quirrenbach - Heidelberg University
S. Raab - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Rauth - Universität Innsbruck
A. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
O. Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
Matthieu Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
R. de Los Reyes - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
S. Richter - North-West University
F. Rieger - Heidelberg University
C. Romoli - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
G. Rowell - University of Adelaide
B. Rudak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
C.B. Rulten - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
V. Sahakian - A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory
S. Saito - Rikkyo University
D. Salek - University of Amsterdam
D.A. Sanchez - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
A. Santangelo - University of Tübingen
M. Sasaki - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Schlickeiser - Ruhr University Bochum
F. Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A. Schulz
U. Schwanke - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
S. Schwemmer - Heidelberg University
M. Seglar-Arroyo - Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
M. Settimo - Sorbonne Paris Cité
A.S. Seyffert - North-West University
N. Shafi - University of the Witwatersrand
I. Shilon - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Simoni - University of Amsterdam
H. Sol - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
F. Spanier - North-West University
G. Spengler - Stockholm University
F. Spies - Universität Hamburg
R. Steenkamp - University of Namibia
C. Stegmann - University of Potsdam
K. Stycz
I. Sushch - North-West University
T. Takahashi - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
J.-P. Tavernet - Université Paris Cité
T. Tavernier - Délégation Paris 7
A.M. Taylor - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
R. Terrier - Sorbonne Paris Cité
L. Tibaldo - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Tiziani - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Tluczykont - Universität Hamburg
C. Trichard - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
N. Tsuji - Rikkyo University
R. Tuffs - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
Y. Uchiyama - Rikkyo University
D.J. van Der Walt - North-West University
C. van Eldik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. van Rensburg - North-West University
B. van Soelen - University of the Free State
George Vasileiadis - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
J. Veh - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
C. Venter - North-West University
A. Viana - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
P. Vincent - Sorbonne Paris Cité
J. Vink - University of Amsterdam
F. Voisin - University of Adelaide
H.J. Völk - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
T. Vuillaume - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
Z. Wadiasingh - North-West University
S.J. Wagner - Heidelberg University
P. Wagner - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
R.M. Wagner - Stockholm University
R. White - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Wierzcholska - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
P. Willmann - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
A. Wörnlein - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
D. Wouters - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
R. Yang - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D. Zaborov - École Polytechnique
M. Zacharias - North-West University
R. Zanin - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A.A. Zdziarski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
A. Zech - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
F. Zefi - École Polytechnique
A. Ziegler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
N. Żywucka - Jagiellonian University
Publication Details: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.612
Identifiers: 9937583609311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-01815286