Résumé
In the first decades of the 20th century, influenced by thought theories developed in Europe, brazilian cities are invaded by an ideal of health, linked to a regular practice of sports and Physical Education. These practices educate the body for another discipline necessary to the urban life and, it is the school, through Physical Education, which will impose new behaviors and bodies.
Historical method was chosen for the development of this research and the main sources analyzed were: Records of proceedings from the Brazilian Association of Education (1924-1936); Annals from Ist, IIId and Vth Brazilian Congress of Hygiene (1923; 1926; 1929); Annals from the 1st Brazilian Congress of Eugenics (1929); Bulletins of Mental Hygiene and Eugenics (1929-1931). Study realized from that sources, allowed putting in obviousness the constitution of a power control system.