Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode

J.C Algaba; M Baloković; S Chandra; W.-Y Cheong; Y.-Z Cui; F d'Ammando; A.D Falcone; N.M Ford; M Giroletti; C Goddi; M.A Gurwell; K Hada; D Haggard; S Jorstad; A Kaur; T Kawashima; S Kerby; J.-Y Kim; M Kino; E.V Kravchenko; S.-S Lee; R.-S Lu; S Markoff; J Michail; J Neilsen; M.A Nowak; G Principe; V Ramakrishnan; B Ripperda; M Sasada; S.S Savchenko; C Sheridan; K Akiyama; A Alberdi; W Alef; R Anantua; K Asada; R Azulay; U Bach; A.-K Baczko; D B.; B Bandyopadhyay; J Barrett; M Bauböck; B.A Benson; D Bintley; L Blackburn; R Blundell; K.L Bouman; G.C Bower; H Boyce; M Bremer; R Brissenden; S Britzen; A.E Broderick; D Broguiere; T Bronzwaer; S Bustamante; J.E Carlstrom; A Chael; C.-K Chan; D.O Chang; K Chatterjee; S Chatterjee; M.-T Chen; Y Chen; X Cheng; I Cho; P Christian; N.S Conroy; J.E Conway; T.M Crawford; G.B Crew; A Cruz-Osorio; R Dahale; J Davelaar; M de Laurentis; R Deane; J Dempsey; G Desvignes; J Dexter; V Dhruv; I.K Dihingia; S.S Doeleman; S.A Dzib; R.P Eatough; R Emami; H Falcke; J Farah; V.L Fish; E Fomalont; H.A Ford; M Foschi; R Fraga-Encinas; W.T Freeman; P Friberg; C.M Fromm; A Fuentes; P Galison; C.F Gammie; R García; O Gentaz; B Georgiev; R Gold; A.I Gómez-Ruiz; J.L Gómez; M Gu; R Hesper; D Heumann; L.C Ho; P Ho; M Honma; C.-W.L Huang; L Huang; D.H Hughes; S Ikeda; C.M.V Impellizzeri; M Inoue; S Issaoun; D.J James; B.T Jannuzi; M Janssen; B Jeter; W Jiang; A Jiménez-Rosales; M.D Johnson; A.C Jones; A.V Joshi; T Jung; R Karuppusamy; G.K Keating; M Kettenis; D.-J Kim; J Kim; J.Y Koay; P Kocherlakota; Y Kofuji; P.M Koch; S Koyama; C Kramer; J.A Kramer; M Kramer; T.P Krichbaum; C.-Y Kuo; N La Bella; A Levis; Z Li; R Lico; G Lindahl; M Lindqvist; M Lisakov; J Liu; K Liu; E Liuzzo; W.-P Lo; A.P Lobanov; L Loinard; C.J Lonsdale; A.E Lowitz; N.R Macdonald; J Mao; N Marchili; D.P Marrone; A.P Marscher; I Martí-Vidal; S Matsushita; L.D Matthews; L Medeiros; K.M Menten; I Mizuno; Y Mizuno; J Montgomery; J.M Moran; K Moriyama; M Moscibrodzka; W Mulaudzi; C Müller; H Müller; A Mus; G Musoke; I Myserlis; H Nagai; N.M Nagar; D.G Nair; M Nakamura; G Narayanan; I Natarajan; A Nathanail; S. Navarro Fuentes; C Ni; J Oh; H Okino; H Olivares; T Oyama; F Özel; D.C.M Palumbo; G Filippos Paraschos; J Park; H Parsons; N Patel; U.-L Pen; D.W Pesce; V Piétu; A Popstefanija; O Porth; B Prather; D Psaltis; H.-Y Pu; R Rao; M.G Rawlings; A.W Raymond; L Rezzolla; A Ricarte; F Roelofs; C Romero-Cañizales; E Ros; A Roshanineshat; H Rottmann; A.L Roy; I Ruiz; C Ruszczyk; K.L.J Rygl; S Sánchez; D Sánchez-Argüelles; M Sánchez-Portal; K Satapathy; T Savolainen; F.P Schloerb; J Schonfeld; K.-F Schuster; L Shao; Z Shen; D Small; B.W Sohn; J Soohoo; L.D. Sosapanta Salas; K Souccar; J.S Stanway; H Sun; F Tazaki; A.J Tetarenko; P Tiede; R.P.J Tilanus; M Titus; K Toma; P Torne; T Toscano; E Traianou; T Trent; S Trippe; M Turk; I van Bemmel; H.J van Langevelde; D.R van Rossum; J Vos; J Wagner; D Ward-Thompson; J Wardle; J.E Washington; J Weintroub; R Wharton; M Wielgus; K Wiik; G Witzel; M.F Wondrak; G.N Wong; Q Wu; N Yadlapalli; P Yamaguchi; A Yfantis; D Yoon; A Young; Z Younsi; W Yu; F Yuan; Y.-F Yuan; J.A Zensus; S Zhang; G.-Y Zhao; S.-S Zhao; R Bellazzini; B Berenji; E Bissaldi; R.D Blandford; R Bonino; P Bruel; R.A Cameron; P.A Caraveo; E Cavazzuti; C.C Cheung; S Ciprini; P. Cristarella Orestano; S Cutini; N Di Lalla; A Dinesh; L Di Venere; A Domínguez; S.J Fegan; A Franckowiak; Y Fukazawa; P Fusco; F Gargano; C Gasbarra; S Germani; M Giliberti; I.A Grenier; E Hays; D Horan; M Kuss; S Larsson; I Liodakis; F Longo; F Loparco; M.N Lovellette; S Maldera; M.N Mazziotta; I Mereu; P.F Michelson; N Mirabal; T Mizuno; M.E Monzani; A Morselli; M Negro; N Omodei; E Orlando; M Persic; S Rainò; B Rani; A Reimer; O Reimer; M Sánchez-Conde; P.M Saz Parkinson; C Sgrò; E.J Siskind; P Spinelli; D.J Suson; H Tajima; D.F Torres; G Zaharijas; F Aharonian; F. Ait Benkhali; J Aschersleben; H Ashkar; M Backes; V Barbosa Martins; R Batzofin; Y Becherini; D Berge; M Böttcher; C Boisson; J Bolmont; M. de Bony de Lavergne; J Borowska; M Bouyahiaoui; F Bradascio; R Brose; A Brown; B Bruno; T Bulik; C Burger-Scheidlin; S Casanova; R Cecil; J Celic; M Cerruti; T Chand; A Chen; J Chibueze; O Chibueze; G Cotter; J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye; J Devin; J Djuvsland; A Dmytriiev; S Einecke; J.-P Ernenwein; K Feijen; G Fontaine; S Funk; S Gabici; D Glawion; J.F Glicenstein; P Goswami; G Grolleron; L Haerer; B Heß; T.L Holch; M Holler; D Horns; Zhiqiu Huang; M Jamrozy; F Jankowsky; I Jung-Richardt; E Kasai; K Katarzyński; R Khatoon; B Khélifi; W Kluźniak; Nu Komin; K Kosack; A Kundu; R.G Lang; S Le Stum; F Leitl; A Lemière; M Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P Lenain; F Leuschner; A Luashvili; J Mackey; D Malyshev; G Martí-Devesa; R Marx; M Meyer; A Mitchell; R Moderski; M.O Moghadam; L Mohrmann; A Montanari; E Moulin; M de Naurois; J Niemiec; P O'Brien; S Ohm; E de Ona Wilhelmi; M Ostrowski; S Panny; M Panter; U Pensec; S Pita; G Pühlhofer; A Quirrenbach; S Ravikularaman; B Reville; I Reis; H Ren; F Rieger; G Roellinghoff; B Rudak; E Ruiz-Velasco; K Sabri; V Sahakian; H Salzmann; A Santangelo; M Sasaki; J Schäfer; F Schüssler; H.M Schutte; J.N.S Shapopi; A Sharma; H Sol; S Spencer; Ł Stawarz; C Steppa; K Streil; H Suzuki; T Takahashi; T Tanaka; A.M Taylor; R Terrier; M Tluczykont; M Tsirou; C van Eldik; M Vecchi; T Wach; S.J Wagner; A Wierzcholska; M Zacharias; A.A Zdziarski; A Zech; N Żywucka; S Abe; J Abhir; A Abhishek; V.A Acciari; A Aguasca-Cabot; I Agudo; T Aniello; S Ansoldi; L.A Antonelli; A. Arbet Engels; C Arcaro; M Artero; K Asano; A Babić; U. Barres de Almeida; J.A Barrio; I Batković; A Bautista; J Baxter; J. Becerra González; W Bednarek; E Bernardini; J Bernete; A Berti; J Besenrieder; C Bigongiari; A Biland; O Blanch; G Bonnoli; Ž Bošnjak; E Bronzini; I Burelli; G Busetto; A Campoy-Ordaz; A Carosi; R Carosi; M Carretero-Castrillo; A.J Castro-Tirado; D Cerasole; G Ceribella; Y Chai; A Cifuentes; E Colombo; J.L Contreras; J Cortina; S Covino; G d'Amico; V d'Elia; P da Vela; F Dazzi; A de Angelis; B de Lotto; R de Menezes; M Delfino; J Delgado; C. Delgado Mendez; F Di Pierro; R Di Tria; D Dominis Prester; A Donini; D Dorner; M Doro; D Elsaesser; J Escudero; L Fariña; A Fattorini; L Foffano; L Font; S Fröse; S Fukami; R.J. García López; M Garczarczyk; S Gasparyan; M Gaug; J.G. Giesbrecht Paiva; N Giglietto; F Giordano; P Gliwny; N Godinović; T Gradetzke; R Grau; D Green; J.G Green; P Günther; D Hadasch; A Hahn; T Hassan; L Heckmann; J. Herrera Llorente; D Hrupec; R Imazawa; K Ishio; I. Jiménez Martínez; J Jormanainen; T Kayanoki; D Kerszberg; G.W Kluge; Y Kobayashi; P.M Kouch; H Kubo; J Kushida; M Láinez; A Lamastra; F Leone; E Lindfors; S Lombardi; R López-Coto; M López-Moya; A López-Oramas; S Loporchio; A Lorini; E Lyard; B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga; P Majumdar; M Makariev; G Maneva; M Manganaro; S Mangano; K Mannheim; M Mariotti; M Martínez; M Martínez-Chicharro; A Mas-Aguilar; D Mazin; S Menchiari; S Mender; D Miceli; T Miener; J.M Miranda; R Mirzoyan; M. Molero González; E Molina; H.A Mondal; A Moralejo; D Morcuende; T Nakamori; C Nanci; V Neustroev; L Nickel; M Nievas Rosillo; C Nigro; L Nikolić; K Nilsson; K Nishijima; T. Njoh Ekoume; K Noda; S Nozaki; Y Ohtani; A Okumura; J Otero-Santos; S Paiano; D Paneque; R Paoletti; J.M Paredes; M Peresano; M Pihet; G Pirola; F Podobnik; P.G Prada Moroni; E Prandini; C Priyadarshi; M Ribó; J Rico; C Righi; N Sahakyan; T Saito; F.G Saturni; K Schmidt; F Schmuckermaier; J.L Schubert; T Schweizer; A Sciaccaluga; G Silvestri; J Sitarek; V Sliusar; D Sobczynska; A Spolon; A Stamerra; J Strišković; D Strom; M Strzys; Y Suda; S Suutarinen; M Takahashi; R Takeishi; F Tavecchio; P Temnikov; K Terauchi; T Terzić; M Teshima; S Truzzi; A Tutone; S Ubach; J van Scherpenberg; M Vazquez Acosta; S Ventura; G Verna; I Viale; C.F Vigorito; V Vitale; I Vovk; R Walter; M Will; C Wunderlich; T Yamamoto; A Acharyya; C.B Adams; P Bangale; J.T Bartkoske; W Benbow; J.L Christiansen; A Duerr; M Errando; Q Feng; G.M Foote; L Fortson; A Furniss; W Hanlon; O Hervet; C.E Hinrichs; J Holder; T.B Humensky; W Jin; M.N Johnson; P Kaaret; M Kertzman; D Kieda; T.K Kleiner; N Korzoun; F Krennrich; S Kumar; M.J Lang; M Lundy; G Maier; C.E Mcgrath; M.J Millard; C.L Mooney; P Moriarty; R Mukherjee; W Ning; S O'Brien; R.A Ong; M Pohl; E Pueschel; J Quinn; K Ragan; P.T Reynolds; D Ribeiro; E Roache; J.L Ryan; I Sadeh; L Saha; M Santander; G.H Sembroski; R Shang; M Splettstoesser; A.K Talluri; J.V Tucci; J Valverde; V.V Vassiliev; D.A Williams; S.L Wong; Z Chen; L Cui; T Hirota; B Li; G Li; Q Liu; X Liu; Z Liu; J Ma; K Niinuma; H Ro; N Sakai; S Sawada-Satoh; K Wajima; J Wang; N Wang; B Xia; H Yan; Y Yonekura; H Zhang; R Zhao; W Zhong

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450497

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Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode

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Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode

J.C Algaba, M Baloković, S Chandra, W.-Y Cheong, Y.-Z Cui, F d'Ammando, A.D Falcone, N.M Ford, M Giroletti, C Goddi, …

Astron.Astrophys, Vol.692

2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450497

Abstract

gamma ray: VHE

particle: acceleration

emission: model

black hole: accretion

gamma ray: energy

X-ray: flux

spectral energy distribution

horizon

spectral

monitoring

GeV

general relativity

imaging

galaxy

cluster

black hole: mass

jet

gamma ray: flux

radio wave

ultraviolet

The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of the only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to gamma-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87*, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87* observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays, as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conduct phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties. We present the first VHE gamma-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV has more than doubled within a period of about 36 hours. We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE gamma-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling.

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Title: Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode
Creators - without role: J.C Algaba - University of Malaya
M Baloković - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
S Chandra - North-West University
W.-Y Cheong - Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Y.-Z Cui
F d'Ammando - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
A.D Falcone - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
N.M Ford - McGill University
M Giroletti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
C Goddi
M.A Gurwell
K Hada - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
D Haggard - McGill University
S Jorstad - Boston University
A Kaur - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
T Kawashima
S Kerby - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
J.-Y Kim - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
M Kino - Kogakuin University
E.V Kravchenko
S.-S Lee - Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
R.-S Lu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
S Markoff - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
J Michail
J Neilsen - Villanova University
M.A Nowak - Washington University in St. Louis
G Principe - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
V Ramakrishnan - University of Concepción
B Ripperda - Flatiron Institute
M Sasada - Hiroshima University of Economics
S.S Savchenko
C Sheridan - Villanova University
K Akiyama - Harvard University
A Alberdi
W Alef - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
R Anantua - Harvard University
K Asada - Academia Sinica
R Azulay - Instituto de Física Corpuscular
U Bach - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A.-K Baczko - Chalmers University of Technology
D B.
B Bandyopadhyay - University of Concepción
J Barrett
M Bauböck - University of Illinois System
B.A Benson - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
D Bintley - Subaru
L Blackburn - Harvard University
R Blundell
K.L Bouman - California Institute of Technology
G.C Bower - East Asian Observatory
H Boyce - McGill University
M Bremer - Ausonius Institut de Recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen age
R Brissenden - Harvard University
S Britzen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A.E Broderick - Perimeter Institute
D Broguiere - Ausonius Institut de Recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen age
T Bronzwaer
S Bustamante - Amherst College
J.E Carlstrom - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
A Chael
C.-K Chan - Clemson University
D.O Chang - Harvard University
K Chatterjee - Harvard University
S Chatterjee
M.-T Chen - East Asian Observatory
Y Chen - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
X Cheng - Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
I Cho - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
P Christian - Fairfield University
N.S Conroy - Urbana University
J.E Conway - Chalmers University of Technology
T.M Crawford - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
G.B Crew
A Cruz-Osorio - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R Dahale
J Davelaar - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M de Laurentis - Naples Anesthesia & Physician Associates
R Deane - University of the Witwatersrand
J Dempsey - Subaru
G Desvignes - Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique
J Dexter - University of Colorado System
V Dhruv - University of Illinois System
I.K Dihingia - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
S.S Doeleman - Harvard University
S.A Dzib - Ausonius Institut de Recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen age
R.P Eatough - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
R Emami
H Falcke
J Farah - Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
V.L Fish
E Fomalont - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H.A Ford
M Foschi
R Fraga-Encinas
W.T Freeman
P Friberg - Subaru
C.M Fromm - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A Fuentes
P Galison - Harvard University
C.F Gammie - Urbana University
R García - Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
O Gentaz - Ausonius Institut de Recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen age
B Georgiev
R Gold
A.I Gómez-Ruiz - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
J.L Gómez
M Gu - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R Hesper - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
D Heumann
L.C Ho - King University
P Ho - Academia Sinica
M Honma - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
C.-W.L Huang
L Huang - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
D.H Hughes - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
S Ikeda - The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
C.M.V Impellizzeri - National Radio Astronomy Observatory
M Inoue - Academia Sinica
S Issaoun - Space Telescope Science Institute
D.J James - Dominion
B.T Jannuzi
M Janssen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
B Jeter - Academia Sinica
W Jiang - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
A Jiménez-Rosales
M.D Johnson - Harvard University
A.C Jones - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
A.V Joshi - University of Illinois System
T Jung - Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
R Karuppusamy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
G.K Keating
M Kettenis - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
D.-J Kim
J Kim - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J Kim - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J.Y Koay - Academia Sinica
P Kocherlakota - University Hospital Frankfurt
Y Kofuji - Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
P.M Koch - Academia Sinica
S Koyama - Academia Sinica
C Kramer - Ausonius Institut de Recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen age
J.A Kramer - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M Kramer - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
T.P Krichbaum - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
C.-Y Kuo - National Taiwan Normal University
N La Bella
A Levis - California Institute of Technology
Z Li - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R Lico - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
G Lindahl
M Lindqvist - Chalmers University of Technology
M Lisakov - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J Liu
K Liu - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
E Liuzzo - Osservatorio astronomico di Bologna
W.-P Lo - National Taiwan University
A.P Lobanov - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
L Loinard
C.J Lonsdale
A.E Lowitz
N.R Macdonald - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
J Mao - Yunnan Observatories
N Marchili - Osservatorio astronomico di Bologna
D.P Marrone
A.P Marscher - Boston University
I Martí-Vidal - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
S Matsushita - Academia Sinica
L.D Matthews
L Medeiros - Princeton University
K.M Menten - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
I Mizuno - Subaru
Y Mizuno - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
J Montgomery - McGill University
J.M Moran - Harvard University
K Moriyama - University Hospital Frankfurt
M Moscibrodzka
W Mulaudzi - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
C Müller - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
H Müller - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A Mus - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
G Musoke - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
I Myserlis - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
H Nagai
N.M Nagar - University of Concepción
D.G Nair - University of Concepción
M Nakamura - Hachinohe Institute of Technology
G Narayanan - Amherst College
I Natarajan - Harvard University
A Nathanail - University Hospital Frankfurt
S. Navarro Fuentes - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
C Ni
J Oh - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
H Okino - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
H Olivares
T Oyama - Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
F Özel - Georgia Institute of Technology
D.C.M Palumbo - Harvard University
G Filippos Paraschos
J Park - Kyung Hee University
H Parsons - Subaru
N Patel
U.-L Pen - Academia Sinica
D.W Pesce - Harvard University
V Piétu - Ausonius Institut de Recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen age
A Popstefanija - Amherst College
O Porth - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
B Prather - University of Illinois System
D Psaltis - Georgia Institute of Technology
H.-Y Pu - National Taiwan Normal University
R Rao
M.G Rawlings - Gemini North Observatory
A.W Raymond - Harvard University
L Rezzolla - Goethe University Frankfurt
A Ricarte - Harvard University
F Roelofs - Harvard University
C Romero-Cañizales - Academia Sinica
E Ros - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A Roshanineshat
H Rottmann - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
A.L Roy - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
I Ruiz - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
C Ruszczyk
K.L.J Rygl - Osservatorio astronomico di Bologna
S Sánchez - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
D Sánchez-Argüelles - National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
M Sánchez-Portal - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
K Satapathy
T Savolainen - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
F.P Schloerb - Amherst College
J Schonfeld
K.-F Schuster - Ausonius Institut de Recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen age
L Shao - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Z Shen - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
D Small - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
B.W Sohn - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J Soohoo
L.D. Sosapanta Salas
K Souccar - Amherst College
J.S Stanway
H Sun - King University
F Tazaki - Fujitsu
A.J Tetarenko - University of Lethbridge
P Tiede - Harvard University
R.P.J Tilanus - Dutch Research Council
M Titus
K Toma - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
P Torne - Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica
T Toscano
E Traianou - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
T Trent
S Trippe - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
M Turk - Urbana University
I van Bemmel - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
H.J van Langevelde - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
D.R van Rossum
J Vos
J Wagner - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
D Ward-Thompson
J Wardle
J.E Washington
J Weintroub - Harvard University
R Wharton - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M Wielgus - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
K Wiik
G Witzel - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
M.F Wondrak
G.N Wong - Institute for Advanced Study
Q Wu
N Yadlapalli - California Institute of Technology
P Yamaguchi
A Yfantis
D Yoon - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
A Young
Z Younsi - University Hospital Frankfurt
W Yu
F Yuan - Fudan University
Y.-F Yuan - Hefei University
J.A Zensus - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
S Zhang
G.-Y Zhao - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
S.-S Zhao - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
R Bellazzini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
B Berenji - California State University Los Angeles
E Bissaldi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
R.D Blandford - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R Bonino - University of Turin
P Bruel - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
R.A Cameron - Stanford University
P.A Caraveo - Mylan
E Cavazzuti - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
C.C Cheung - United States Naval Research Laboratory
S Ciprini - Astronomical Observatory of Rome
P. Cristarella Orestano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
S Cutini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
N Di Lalla - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A Dinesh
L Di Venere - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
A Domínguez
S.J Fegan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
A Franckowiak - Ruhr University Bochum
Y Fukazawa
P Fusco - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
F Gargano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
C Gasbarra - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I
S Germani - University of Perugia
M Giliberti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
I.A Grenier - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
E Hays
D Horan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M Kuss - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
S Larsson - KTH Royal Institute of Technology
I Liodakis - Marshall Space Flight Center
F Longo - International School of Trieste
F Loparco - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
M.N Lovellette - Northrop Grumman
S Maldera - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
M.N Mazziotta - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
I Mereu - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
P.F Michelson - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
N Mirabal - University of Maryland, Baltimore County
T Mizuno
M.E Monzani - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A Morselli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I
M Negro - Louisiana State University
N Omodei - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E Orlando - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
M Persic - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
S Rainò - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
B Rani - University of Maryland, Baltimore County
A Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
O Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
M Sánchez-Conde - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
P.M Saz Parkinson
C Sgrò - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E.J Siskind
P Spinelli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
D.J Suson - Purdue University Northwest
H Tajima - Nagoya University
D.F Torres - Institute of Space Sciences
G Zaharijas
F Aharonian - Yerevan State University
F. Ait Benkhali - Heidelberg University
J Aschersleben - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
H Ashkar - École Polytechnique
M Backes - North-West University
V Barbosa Martins
R Batzofin - University of Potsdam
Y Becherini - Agence Parisienne du Climat
D Berge - German Institute for Adult Education
M Böttcher - North-West University
C Boisson - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J Bolmont - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
M. de Bony de Lavergne - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
J Borowska - Humboldt State University
M Bouyahiaoui
F Bradascio - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
R Brose
A Brown
B Bruno - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
T Bulik
C Burger-Scheidlin
S Casanova - Cracow University of Technology
R Cecil
J Celic - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M Cerruti - Agence Parisienne du Climat
T Chand - North-West University
A Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
J Chibueze - North-West University
O Chibueze - North-West University
G Cotter
J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye - German Institute for Adult Education
J Devin - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
J Djuvsland
A Dmytriiev - North-West University
S Einecke - University of Adelaide
J.-P Ernenwein - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
K Feijen - Agence Parisienne du Climat
G Fontaine - École Polytechnique
S Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S Gabici - Agence Parisienne du Climat
D Glawion - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J.F Glicenstein - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
P Goswami - Agence Parisienne du Climat
G Grolleron - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
L Haerer
B Heß
T.L Holch - German Institute for Adult Education
M Holler - Universität Innsbruck
D Horns
Zhiqiu Huang
M Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
F Jankowsky - Heidelberg University
I Jung-Richardt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
E Kasai - University of Namibia
K Katarzyński
R Khatoon - North-West University
B Khélifi - Agence Parisienne du Climat
W Kluźniak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Nu Komin - University of the Witwatersrand
K Kosack - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A Kundu - North-West University
R.G Lang - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S Le Stum - Centre de physique des particules de Marseille
F Leitl - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
A Lemière - Agence Parisienne du Climat
M Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences
J.-P Lenain - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
F Leuschner
A Luashvili - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
J Mackey
D Malyshev
G Martí-Devesa - Universität Innsbruck
R Marx - Heidelberg University
M Meyer
A Mitchell - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R Moderski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
M.O Moghadam - University of Potsdam
L Mohrmann
A Montanari - Heidelberg University
E Moulin - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
M de Naurois - École Polytechnique
J Niemiec - Cracow University of Technology
P O'Brien
S Ohm - German Institute for Adult Education
E de Ona Wilhelmi - German Institute for Adult Education
M Ostrowski - Jagiellonian University
S Panny - Universität Innsbruck
M Panter
U Pensec - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
S Pita - Agence Parisienne du Climat
G Pühlhofer
A Quirrenbach - Heidelberg University
S Ravikularaman - Agence Parisienne du Climat
A Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
O Reimer - Universität Innsbruck
B Reville
I Reis - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H Ren
F Rieger
G Roellinghoff - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
B Rudak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
E Ruiz-Velasco
K Sabri - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
V Sahakian - A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory
H Salzmann
A Santangelo
M Sasaki - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J Schäfer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
F Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H.M Schutte - North-West University
J.N.S Shapopi - University of Namibia
A Sharma - Agence Parisienne du Climat
H Sol - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
S Spencer - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Ł Stawarz - Jagiellonian University
C Steppa - University of Potsdam
K Streil - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
H Suzuki - Konan University
T Takahashi - Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
T Tanaka - Konan University
A.M Taylor - German Institute for Adult Education
R Terrier - Agence Parisienne du Climat
M Tluczykont
M Tsirou - German Institute for Adult Education
C van Eldik - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M Vecchi - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
T Wach - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S.J Wagner - Heidelberg University
A Wierzcholska - Cracow University of Technology
M Zacharias - North-West University
A.A Zdziarski - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
A Zech - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
N Żywucka - North-West University
S Abe
J Abhir - ETH Zurich
A Abhishek - University of Siena
V.A Acciari - Institute for High Energy Physics
A Aguasca-Cabot - Universitat de Barcelona
I Agudo
T Aniello - National Institute for Astrophysics
S Ansoldi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
L.A Antonelli - National Institute for Astrophysics
A. Arbet Engels
C Arcaro
M Artero - Institute for High Energy Physics
K Asano
A Babić
U. Barres de Almeida
J.A Barrio
I Batković
A Bautista
J Baxter
J. Becerra González - Universidad de La Laguna
W Bednarek - University of Łódź
E Bernardini
J Bernete - Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas
A Berti
J Besenrieder
C Bigongiari - National Institute for Astrophysics
A Biland - ETH Zurich
O Blanch - Institute for High Energy Physics
G Bonnoli - National Institute for Astrophysics
Ž Bošnjak
E Bronzini - National Institute for Astrophysics
I Burelli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
G Busetto
A Campoy-Ordaz - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
A Carosi - National Institute for Astrophysics
R Carosi - University of Pisa
M Carretero-Castrillo - Universitat de Barcelona
A.J Castro-Tirado
D Cerasole - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
G Ceribella
Y Chai
A Cifuentes - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
E Colombo - Institute for High Energy Physics
J.L Contreras
J Cortina - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
S Covino - National Institute for Astrophysics
G d'Amico - University of Bergen
V d'Elia
P da Vela - National Institute for Astrophysics
F Dazzi - National Institute for Astrophysics
A de Angelis
B de Lotto - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
R de Menezes - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
M Delfino - Institute for High Energy Physics
J Delgado - Institute for High Energy Physics
C. Delgado Mendez - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
F Di Pierro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
R Di Tria - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
L Di Venere - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
D Dominis Prester
A Donini - National Institute for Astrophysics
D Dorner
M Doro
D Elsaesser - TU Dortmund University
J Escudero - Hiroshima University of Economics
L Fariña - Institute for High Energy Physics
A Fattorini - TU Dortmund University
L Foffano - National Institute for Astrophysics
L Font - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
S Fröse - TU Dortmund University
S Fukami - ETH Zurich
Y Fukazawa
R.J. García López - Universidad de La Laguna
M Garczarczyk - German Institute for Adult Education
S Gasparyan - International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network
M Gaug - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
J.G. Giesbrecht Paiva
N Giglietto - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
F Giordano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
P Gliwny - University of Łódź
N Godinović - University of Split
T Gradetzke - TU Dortmund University
R Grau - Institute for High Energy Physics
D Green
J.G Green
P Günther
D Hadasch
A Hahn
T Hassan - Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas
L Heckmann
J. Herrera Llorente - Universidad de La Laguna
D Hrupec - Rudjer Boskovic Institute
R Imazawa - Hiroshima University of Economics
K Ishio - University of Łódź
I. Jiménez Martínez
J Jormanainen - University of Turku
T Kayanoki - Hiroshima University of Economics
D Kerszberg - Institute for High Energy Physics
G.W Kluge - University of Bergen
Y Kobayashi
P.M Kouch - University of Turku
H Kubo
J Kushida - Tokai University
M Láinez
A Lamastra - National Institute for Astrophysics
F Leone - National Institute for Astrophysics
E Lindfors - University of Turku
S Lombardi - National Institute for Astrophysics
R López-Coto
M López-Moya
A López-Oramas - Universidad de La Laguna
S Loporchio - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
A Lorini - University of Siena
E Lyard - Swiss Institute of Comparative Law
B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga
P Majumdar
M Makariev
G Maneva
M Manganaro - University of Rijeka
S Mangano - Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas
K Mannheim
M Mariotti
M Martínez - Institute for High Energy Physics
M Martínez-Chicharro - Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas
A Mas-Aguilar
D Mazin
S Menchiari - University of Siena
S Mender - TU Dortmund University
D Miceli
T Miener
J.M Miranda - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
R Mirzoyan
M. Molero González - Universidad de La Laguna
E Molina - Universidad de La Laguna
H.A Mondal
A Moralejo - Institute for High Energy Physics
D Morcuende
T Nakamori - Yamagata University Hospital
C Nanci - National Institute for Astrophysics
V Neustroev
L Nickel - TU Dortmund University
M Nievas Rosillo
C Nigro - Institute for High Energy Physics
L Nikolić - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
K Nilsson - University of Turku
K Nishijima - Tokai University
T. Njoh Ekoume - Institute for High Energy Physics
K Noda - Chiba University
S Nozaki
Y Ohtani
A Okumura - Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute
J Otero-Santos
S Paiano - National Institute for Astrophysics
D Paneque
R Paoletti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
J.M Paredes - Universitat de Barcelona
M Peresano
M Persic - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
M Pihet
G Pirola
F Podobnik - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
P.G Prada Moroni
E Prandini
C Priyadarshi - Institute for High Energy Physics
M Ribó - Universitat de Barcelona
J Rico - Institute for High Energy Physics
C Righi - National Institute for Astrophysics
N Sahakyan - International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics
T Saito
F.G Saturni - National Institute for Astrophysics
K Schmidt - TU Dortmund University
F Schmuckermaier
J.L Schubert - TU Dortmund University
T Schweizer
A Sciaccaluga - National Institute for Astrophysics
G Silvestri
J Sitarek - University of Łódź
V Sliusar - Swiss Institute of Comparative Law
D Sobczynska - University of Łódź
A Spolon
A Stamerra - National Institute for Astrophysics
J Strišković - Rudjer Boskovic Institute
D Strom
M Strzys
Y Suda - Hiroshima University of Economics
S Suutarinen - University of Turku
H Tajima - Nagoya University
M Takahashi - Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute
R Takeishi
F Tavecchio - National Institute for Astrophysics
P Temnikov
K Terauchi - Kyoto Notre Dame University
T Terzić - University of Rijeka
M Teshima
S Truzzi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
A Tutone - National Institute for Astrophysics
S Ubach - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
J van Scherpenberg
M Vazquez Acosta
S Ventura - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
G Verna - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
I Viale
C.F Vigorito - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
V Vitale
I Vovk
R Walter - Swiss Institute of Comparative Law
M Will
C Wunderlich - University of Siena
T Yamamoto - Konan University
A Acharyya
C.B Adams - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
P Bangale
J.T Bartkoske
W Benbow
J.L Christiansen
A Duerr
M Errando - Washington University in St. Louis
Q Feng
G.M Foote
L Fortson - University of Minnesota System
A Furniss - California State University, East Bay
W Hanlon
O Hervet - University of California, Santa Cruz
C.E Hinrichs - Dartmouth Hospital
J Holder
T.B Humensky
W Jin - University of Alabama
M.N Johnson - University of California, Santa Cruz
P Kaaret
M Kertzman - DePauw University
D Kieda
T.K Kleiner - German Institute for Adult Education
N Korzoun
F Krennrich - Iowa State University
S Kumar
M.J Lang - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
M Lundy - McGill University
G Maier - German Institute for Adult Education
C.E Mcgrath - University College Dublin
M.J Millard
C.L Mooney
P Moriarty - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
R Mukherjee - Barnard College
W Ning
S O'Brien
R.A Ong
M Pohl - German Institute for Adult Education
E Pueschel - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
J Quinn - University College Dublin
K Ragan - McGill University
P.T Reynolds - University College Cork
D Ribeiro - University of Minnesota System
E Roache
J.L Ryan
I Sadeh - German Institute for Adult Education
L Saha
M Santander - University of Alabama
G.H Sembroski - Purdue University System
R Shang - Barnard College
M Splettstoesser - University of California, Santa Cruz
A.K Talluri - University of Minnesota System
J.V Tucci - University of Indianapolis
J Valverde - University of Maryland, Baltimore County
V.V Vassiliev
D.A Williams - University of California, Santa Cruz
S.L Wong - McGill University
Z Chen - Beijing Planetarium
L Cui - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
T Hirota - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
B Li - Beijing Planetarium
G Li
Q Liu - Beijing Planetarium
X Liu - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Z Liu
J Ma
K Niinuma - Yamaguchi University
H Ro - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
N Sakai
S Sawada-Satoh - Osaka Prefecture University
K Wajima - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J Wang - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
N Wang - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
B Xia - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
H Yan
Y Yonekura - Ibaraki University
H Zhang
R Zhao - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
W Zhong - Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Publication Details: Astron.Astrophys, Vol.692
Identifiers: 9941213809311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-04696376