Résumé
Regional anesthesia (RA) has become a key element in managing postoperative pain in children, particularly after major surgical procedures. It helps reduce perioperative stress, accelerates extubation, and enhances postoperative recovery. The use of ultrasound has facilitated the development of techniques such as trunk blocks, which are safer and less likely to cause complications than neuro-axial techniques. RA also helps prevent chronic postoperative pain, a significant issue affecting many patients. In France, trunk blocks are the most performed, replacing caudal anesthesia. Among them, abdominal and thoracic wall blocks, performed under ultrasound guidance, have shown promising results in terms of effectiveness and safety. Quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis plane blocks stand out for their ability to provide prolonged analgesia with reduced use of rescue analgesics. The erector spinae muscle block, popular for its safety, has become an effective alternative in pediatric thoracic surgery, showing comparable benefits to the paravertebral block. Cardiac and thoracic surgery now benefit from new peripheral RA techniques, such as the serratus anterior block. Although these methods are promising, further rigorous studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.