Résumé
Summary The association of autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported in small series, but the incidence of and risk factors for IBD in children with AIC are not known. One thousand six hundred nine children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia or Evans syndrome from the prospective OBS'CEREVANCE cohort are included in this study. Overall, 15 children were diagnosed with IBD, including 14 who developed IBD after AIC diagnosis (median delay: 21 months). The only risk factor for IBD development is age at AIC over 10 years. Out of 10 children genetically tested, germline variants associated with autoimmune disorders were identified in three (CTLA4: two, DOCK11: one). In children and adolescents monitored for AIC or past history of AIC, especially children over 10 years, gastro‐intestinal (GI) symptoms (recurrent abdominal pains, GI bleeding, chronic diarrhoea, weight loss) should suggest IBD and deserve specific work‐up and genetic studies. Identification of a causal germline variant will allow targeted therapy. In children with autoimmune cytopenias (AIC), clinically significant gastro‐intestinal symptoms deserve a specific work‐up for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and genetic tests. At best this will allow targeted therapy active on both AIC and IBD.