Abstract
Highlights: • Dung beetles’ phoretic mites may act as predators of Haemonchus contortus larvae. • In vitro, these mites can reduce the development of this pathogenic nematode. • Controlling the nematode Haemonchus contortus through its free living stages.Abstract: Worldwide increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance are pushing farmers and health advisors towards a more sustainable management of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), one of the greatest threats to the viability of grazing small ruminant production systems, and to these animals’ welfare. These Strongyloidea develop freely in livestock dung, where they are exposed to predatory organisms that can eventually break their cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phoretic mites of dung beetles Macrocheles sp. (Macrochelidae) on the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) that has a free-living larval stage that evolves in sheep feces. Direct observations under a stereomicroscope confirmed that the studied Macrocheles mites may have an active predatory behavior on the third-stage (L3) larvae of H. contortus. In order to quantify the effects of the mites’ predation on the survival of L3 nematode larvae, we designed experimental units, replicated across five trials, and containing free-living stages of the nematode either in the presence or absence of mites. The number of H. contortus larvae that reached the third-stage was significantly reduced in the presence of mites, despite a variable intensity of the predatory effects between trials. This is the first report of a predatory activity of phoretic mites of dung beetles’ on a livestock gastrointestinal nematode. This first step encourages further studies in order to have a better quantification of this interaction, and to investigate to which extent the phoretic mites of dung beetles can impact H. contortus populations in natural conditions.Graphical abstract:https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1049964423001548-ga1.jpg