Résumé
According to the genic capture hypothesis, the maintenance of additive genetic variation in fitness-related traits is due to both condition-dependence of these traits and high genetic variation for condition. Evidence supporting this latter assumption is scarce. In this study, we investigated, using hemiclonal analysis, standing genetic variation for condition and relative adult fitness in male Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). The absolute fat and the relative fat content were used as indices of body condition and were measured along with adult relative fitness from males reared in high or low larval densities. The results did not demonstrate genetic variation for condition or adult relative fitness. However, the larval density encountered during development had a strong and significant effect on all traits. Surprisingly, although not significant, negative selection gradients acting on absolute fat and relative fat content were also found in both treatments. These findings challenge one of the main assumptions of the genic capture hypothesis and the use of fat content as an ideal index of condition.