A gamma-ray pulsar timing array constrains the nanohertz gravitational wave background

M. Ajello; W.B. Atwood; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; R. Bellazzini; A. Berretta; B. Bhattacharyya; E. Bissaldi; R.D. Blandford; E. Bloom; R. Bonino; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; E. Burns; S. Buson; R.A. Cameron; P.A. Caraveo; E. Cavazzuti; N. Cibrario; S. Ciprini; C.J. Clark; Ismaël Cognard; J. Coronado-Blazquez; M. Crnogorcevic; H. Cromartie; K. Crowter; S. Cutini; F. d'Ammando; S. de Gaetano; F. de Palma; S.W. Digel; N. Di Lalla; F. Fana Dirirsa; L. Di Venere; A. Domínguez; E.C. Ferrara; A. Fiori; A. Franckowiak; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; V. Gammaldi; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; D. Green; I.A. Grenier; Lucas Guillemot; S. Guiriec; M. Gustafsson; A.K. Harding; E. Hays; J.W. Hewitt; D. Horan; X. Hou; G. Johannesson; M.J. Keith; M. Kerr; M. Kramer; M. Kuss; S. Larsson; L. Latronico; J. Li; F. Longo; F. Loparco; M.N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; S. Maldera; A. Manfreda; G. Martí-Devesa; M.N. Mazziotta; I. Mereu; P.F. Michelson; N. Mirabal; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; M.E. Monzani; A. Morselli; M. Negro; L. Nieder; R. Ojha; N. Omodei; M. Orienti; E. Orlando; J.F. Ormes; D. Paneque; A. Parthasarathy; Z. Pei; M. Persic; M. Pesce-Rollins; R. Pillera; H. Poon; T.A. Porter; G. Principe; J.L. Racusin; S. Raino; R. Rando; B. Rani; S.M. Ransom; P.S. Ray; M. Razzano; S. Razzaque; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; J. Roy; M. Sanchez-Conde; P.M. Saz Parkinson; J. Scargle; L. Scotton; D. Serini; C. Sgro; E.J. Siskind; D.A. Smith; G. Spandre; R. Spiewak; P. Spinelli; I. Stairs; D.J. Suson; S.J. Swihart; S. Tabassum; J.B. Thayer; Gilles Theureau; D. F. Torres; E. Troja; J. Valverde; Z. Wadiasingh; K. Wood; G. Zaharijas

doi:10.1126/science.abm3231

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A gamma-ray pulsar timing array constrains the nanohertz gravitational wave background

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A gamma-ray pulsar timing array constrains the nanohertz gravitational wave background

M. Ajello, W.B. Atwood, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, A. Berretta, B. Bhattacharyya, E. Bissaldi, …

Science, Vol.376(6592)

2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm3231

Résumé

black hole

radio wave

GLAST

galaxy

monitoring

noise

binary

gamma ray

pulsar

gravitational radiation: background

After large galaxies merge, their central supermassive black holes are expected to form binary systems. Their orbital motion should generate a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. Searches for this background use pulsar timing arrays, which perform long-term monitoring of millisecond pulsars at radio wavelengths. We used 12.5 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data to form a gamma-ray pulsar timing array. Results from 35 bright gamma-ray pulsars place a 95% credible limit on the GWB characteristic strain of 1.0 × 10−14 at a frequency of 1 year–1. The sensitivity is expected to scale with tobs, the observing time span, as t−13/6obs. This direct measurement provides an independent probe of the GWB while offering a check on radio noise models.

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Titre: A gamma-ray pulsar timing array constrains the nanohertz gravitational wave background
Créateurs - sans rôle: M. Ajello
W.B. Atwood
L. Baldini
J. Ballet - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
G. Barbiellini
D. Bastieri
R. Bellazzini
A. Berretta
B. Bhattacharyya
E. Bissaldi
R.D. Blandford
E. Bloom
R. Bonino
P. Bruel - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
R. Buehler
E. Burns
S. Buson
R.A. Cameron
P.A. Caraveo
E. Cavazzuti
N. Cibrario
S. Ciprini
C.J. Clark
Ismaël Cognard - Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace
J. Coronado-Blazquez
M. Crnogorcevic
H. Cromartie
K. Crowter
S. Cutini
F. d'Ammando
S. de Gaetano
F. de Palma
S.W. Digel
N. Di Lalla
F. Fana Dirirsa - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
L. Di Venere
A. Domínguez
E.C. Ferrara
A. Fiori
A. Franckowiak
Y. Fukazawa
S. Funk
P. Fusco
V. Gammaldi
F. Gargano
D. Gasparrini
N. Giglietto
F. Giordano
M. Giroletti
D. Green
I.A. Grenier - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
Lucas Guillemot - Université d'Orléans
S. Guiriec
M. Gustafsson
A.K. Harding
E. Hays
J.W. Hewitt
D. Horan - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
X. Hou
G. Johannesson
M.J. Keith
M. Kerr
M. Kramer
M. Kuss
S. Larsson
L. Latronico
J. Li
F. Longo
F. Loparco
M.N. Lovellette
P. Lubrano
S. Maldera
A. Manfreda
G. Martí-Devesa
M.N. Mazziotta
I. Mereu
P.F. Michelson
N. Mirabal
W. Mitthumsiri
T. Mizuno
M.E. Monzani
A. Morselli
M. Negro
L. Nieder
R. Ojha
N. Omodei
M. Orienti
E. Orlando
J.F. Ormes
D. Paneque
A. Parthasarathy
Z. Pei
M. Persic
M. Pesce-Rollins
R. Pillera
H. Poon
T.A. Porter
G. Principe
J.L. Racusin
S. Raino
R. Rando
B. Rani
S.M. Ransom
P.S. Ray
M. Razzano
S. Razzaque
A. Reimer
O. Reimer
J. Roy
M. Sanchez-Conde
P.M. Saz Parkinson
J. Scargle
L. Scotton - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
D. Serini
C. Sgro
E.J. Siskind
D.A. Smith - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
G. Spandre
R. Spiewak
P. Spinelli
I. Stairs
D.J. Suson
S.J. Swihart
S. Tabassum
J.B. Thayer
Gilles Theureau - Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace
D. F. Torres
E. Troja
J. Valverde
Z. Wadiasingh
K. Wood
G. Zaharijas
Détails de publication: Science, Vol.376(6592)
Note de subvention: This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. MK is supported by NASA grant NNG21OB03A. ECF and NM are supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002. TC is supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship Program grant #HST-HF2-51453.001. KC is supported by a UBC Four Year Fellowship (6456). SMR is a CIFAR Fellow and is supported by the NSF Physics Frontiers Center award 1430284. The work of MASC and VG was supported by the grants PGC2018-095161-B-I00 and CEX2020-001007-S, both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF. VG has been supported by Juan de la Cierva-Incorporaci´on IJC2019-040315-I grants. GZ acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P1-0031, I0-0033 and J1-1700). CJC acknowledges support from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 715051; Spiders). SJS holds an NRC Research Associateship award at NRL.
Identifiants: 99152815209311
Unité académique: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article
Champs locaux: hal-03669205