A deep spectromorphological study of the $\gamma$-ray emission surrounding the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1

F. Aharonian; H. Ashkar; M. Backes; V. Barbosa Martins; Y. Becherini; D. Berge; B. Bi; M. Böttcher; M. de Bony de Lavergne; F. Bradascio; R. Brose; F. Brun; T. Bulik; C. Burger-Scheidlin; F. Cangemi; S. Caroff; S. Casanova; M. Cerruti; T. Chand; S. Chandra; A. Chen; O. Chibueze; P. Cristofari; J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye; A. Djannati-Ataï; J.-P. Ernenwein; K. Feijen; G. Fichet de Clairfontaine; G. Fontaine; S. Funk; S. Gabici; Y.A. Gallant; S. Ghafourizadeh; G. Giavitto; L. Giunti; D. Glawion; J.F. Glicenstein; P. Goswami; M.-H. Grondin; L.K. Härer; M. Haupt; J.A. Hinton; M. Hörbe; W. Hofmann; T.L. Holch; M. Holler; D. Horns; M. Jamrozy; V. Joshi; I. Jung-Richardt; E. Kasai; K. Katarzynski; U. Katz; B. Khélifi; W. Klúzniak; Nu. Komin; K. Kosack; D. Kostunin; G. Kukec Mezek; R.G. Lang; S. Le Stum; A. Lemière; M. Lemoine-Goumard; J.-P. Lenain; F. Leuschner; T. Lohse; A. Luashvili; I. Lypova; J. Mackey; J. Majumdar; D. Malyshev; V. Marandon; P. Marchegiani; A. Marcowith; G. Martí-Devesa; R. Marx; G. Maurin; M. Meyer; A. Mitchell; R. Moderski; L. Mohrmann; A. Montanari; E. Moulin; J. Muller; T. Murach; K. Nakashima; M. de Naurois; A. Nayerhoda; J. Niemiec; S. Ohm; L. Olivera-Nieto; E. de Ona Wilhelmi; M. Ostrowski; S. Panny; M. Panter; R.D. Parsons; G. Peron; D.A. Prokhorov; G. Pühlhofer; M. Punch; A. Quirrenbach; R. Rauth; P. Reichherzer; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; M. Renaud; B. Reville; F. Rieger; G. Rowell; B. Rudak; E. Ruiz-Velasco; V. Sahakian; H. Salzmann; D.A. Sanchez; A. Santangelo; M. Sasaki; F. Schüssler; H.M. Schutte; U. Schwanke; J.N. S. Shapopi; A. Specovius; S. Spencer; Ł. Stawarz; R. Steenkamp; S. Steinmassl; C. Steppa; I. Sushch; H. Suzuki; T. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; R. Terrier; C. Thorpe-Morgan; M. Tsirou; N. Tsuji; R. Tuffs; T. Unbehaun; C. van Eldik; B. van Soelen; M. Vecchi; J. Veh; C. Venter; J. Vink; S.J. Wagner; R. White; A. Wierzcholska; Yu Wun Wong; M. Zacharias; D. Zargaryan; A.A. Zdziarski; S.J. Zhu; S. Zouari; N. Zywucka; R. Blackwell; C. Braiding; M. Burton; K. Cubuk; M. Filipovic; N. Tothill; G. Wong

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244323

$A deep spectromorphological study of the $\gamma$-ray emission surrounding the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1$

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A deep spectromorphological study of the $\gamma$-ray emission surrounding the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1

F. Aharonian, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, B. Bi, M. Böttcher, M. de Bony de Lavergne, F. Bradascio, …

Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.666

2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244323

Résumé

Acceleration of particles

Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

Shock waves

Stars: massive

Gamma rays: general

Galaxies: star clusters: individual: Westerlund 1

Young massive stellar clusters are extreme environments and potentially provide the means for efficient particle acceleration. Indeed, they are increasingly considered as being responsible for a significant fraction of cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated within the Milky Way. Westerlund 1, the most massive known young stellar cluster in our Galaxy is a prime candidate for studying this hypothesis. While the very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray source HESS J1646-458 has been detected in the vicinity of Westerlund 1 in the past, its association could not be firmly identified. We aim to identify the physical processes responsible for the $\gamma$-ray emission around Westerlund 1 and thus to better understand the role of massive stellar clusters in the acceleration of Galactic CRs. Using 164 hours of data recorded with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), we carried out a deep spectromorphological study of the $\gamma$-ray emission of HESS J1646-458. We furthermore employed H I and CO observations of the region to infer the presence of gas that could serve as target material for interactions of accelerated CRs. We detected large-scale ($\sim 2^\circ$ diameter) $\gamma$-ray emission with a complex morphology, exhibiting a shell-like structure and showing no significant variation with $\gamma$-ray energy. The combined energy spectrum of the emission extends to several tens of TeV, and is uniform across the entire source region. We did not find a clear correlation of the $\gamma$-ray emission with gas clouds as identified through H I and CO observations. We conclude that, of the known objects within the region, only Westerlund 1 can explain the bulk of the $\gamma$-ray emission. Several CR acceleration sites and mechanisms are conceivable, and discussed in detail. (abridged)

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Titre: A deep spectromorphological study of the $\gamma$-ray emission surrounding the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1
Créateurs - sans rôle: F. Aharonian - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
H. Ashkar - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
M. Backes - University of Namibia
V. Barbosa Martins
Y. Becherini - Linnaeus University
D. Berge - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
B. Bi - University of Tübingen
M. Böttcher - North-West University
M. de Bony de Lavergne - Université Savoie Mont Blanc
F. Bradascio - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
R. Brose - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F. Brun - CEA Paris-Saclay
T. Bulik - University of Warsaw
C. Burger-Scheidlin - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
F. Cangemi - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
S. Caroff - Sorbonne Université
S. Casanova - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
M. Cerruti - Université Paris Cité
T. Chand - North-West University
S. Chandra - North-West University
A. Chen - University of the Witwatersrand
O. Chibueze - North-West University
P. Cristofari - Université Paris Cité
J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye
A. Djannati-Ataï - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
J.-P. Ernenwein - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
K. Feijen - The University of Adelaide
G. Fichet de Clairfontaine - Université Paris Cité
G. Fontaine - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
S. Funk - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S. Gabici - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
Y.A. Gallant - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
S. Ghafourizadeh - Heidelberg University
G. Giavitto
L. Giunti - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D. Glawion - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
J.F. Glicenstein - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
P. Goswami - North-West University
M.-H. Grondin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
L.K. Härer - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Haupt
J.A. Hinton - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
M. Hörbe - University of Oxford
W. Hofmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
T.L. Holch
M. Holler - Universität Innsbruck
D. Horns - Universität Hamburg
M. Jamrozy - Jagiellonian University
V. Joshi - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
I. Jung-Richardt - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
E. Kasai - University of Namibia
K. Katarzynski - Nicolaus Copernicus University
U. Katz - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
B. Khélifi - Université Paris Cité
W. Klúzniak - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
Nu. Komin - University of the Witwatersrand
K. Kosack - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
D. Kostunin
G. Kukec Mezek - Linnaeus University
R.G. Lang - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
S. Le Stum - Aix-Marseille Université
A. Lemière - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. Lemoine-Goumard - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
J.-P. Lenain - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
F. Leuschner - University of Tübingen
T. Lohse - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
A. Luashvili - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
I. Lypova - Heidelberg University
J. Mackey - Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies
J. Majumdar
D. Malyshev - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
V. Marandon - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
P. Marchegiani
A. Marcowith - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G. Martí-Devesa - Universität Innsbruck
R. Marx - Heidelberg University
G. Maurin - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
M. Meyer - Universität Hamburg
A. Mitchell - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R. Moderski - Polish Academy of Sciences
L. Mohrmann - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
A. Montanari - Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
E. Moulin - CEA Paris-Saclay
J. Muller - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
T. Murach
K. Nakashima - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. de Naurois - École Polytechnique
A. Nayerhoda - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
J. Niemiec - Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
S. Ohm
L. Olivera-Nieto - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
E. de Ona Wilhelmi
M. Ostrowski - Jagiellonian University
S. Panny - Universität Innsbruck
M. Panter - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
R.D. Parsons - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
G. Peron - Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
D.A. Prokhorov
G. Pühlhofer - University of Tübingen
M. Punch - Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie
A. Quirrenbach
R. Rauth
P. Reichherzer - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
A. Reimer
O. Reimer
M. Renaud - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
B. Reville
F. Rieger
G. Rowell
B. Rudak
E. Ruiz-Velasco
V. Sahakian
H. Salzmann
D.A. Sanchez - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
A. Santangelo
M. Sasaki
F. Schüssler - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
H.M. Schutte
U. Schwanke
J.N. S. Shapopi
A. Specovius
S. Spencer
Ł. Stawarz
R. Steenkamp
S. Steinmassl
C. Steppa
I. Sushch
H. Suzuki
T. Takahashi
T. Tanaka
R. Terrier - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
C. Thorpe-Morgan
M. Tsirou
N. Tsuji
R. Tuffs
T. Unbehaun
C. van Eldik
B. van Soelen
M. Vecchi
J. Veh
C. Venter
J. Vink
S.J. Wagner
R. White
A. Wierzcholska
Yu Wun Wong
M. Zacharias - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
D. Zargaryan
A.A. Zdziarski
S.J. Zhu
S. Zouari - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
N. Zywucka
R. Blackwell
C. Braiding
M. Burton
K. Cubuk
M. Filipovic
N. Tothill
G. Wong
Détails de publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A, Vol.666
Identifiants: 99151402909311
Unité académique: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Langue: English
Type de ressource: Journal article
Champs locaux: hal-03771735