Résumé
Twenty-five leaf samples collected from 17 sugarcane varieties from Cameroon were sent to Cirad in France for virus diagnosis. Four sugarcane leaf samples from four varieties showing mosaic-like symptoms tested negative by RT-PCR for potyviruses and a poacevirus causing sugarcane mosaic and sugarcane streak mosaic in sugarcane, respectively. Virus sequences sharing 98–99% nucleotide identity with sugarcane chlorotic streak virus (SCSV) (Renamed Mastrevirus saccharumpallidi; ICTV 2024) isolates from Nigeria were found in these four samples by virion-associated nucleic acid metagenomics. Five complete genome sequences of SCSV from Cameroon were obtained by rolling circle amplification, cloning, and sequencing. These five genome sequences had 97.8–98.7% identity with the genome sequences of 12 SCSV isolates from Nigeria. The 17 full genome sequences of SCSV isolates from Cameroon and Nigeria shared 75–76% nucleotide identity with members of the closest Mastrevirus species (Eragrostis streak virus renamed Mastrevirus eragrostis and Urochloa streak virus renamed Mastrevirus urochloae by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses). To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCSV in Cameroon.