Abstract
The genus Nealiolus Mason, 1974 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Brachistinae) is recorded for the first time in the Atlantic forest remnants and traditional cocoa agroforests, Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) in the northeastern Brazilian region. A new species Nealiolus seb Silva, Shimbori and Fernandes sp. n. is described and named in honor of the "Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil - SEB", on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary (golden jubilee). Digital images, map and an identification key for all Brazilian species of Nealiolus are provided.