A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble

Markus Ackermann; Marco Ajello; A. Allafort; Luca Baldini; Jean Ballet; Guido Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; A. Belfiore; R. Bellazzini; B. Berenji; R. D. Blandford; E. D. Bloom; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; E. Bottacini; M. Brigida; Pascal Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; P. A. Caraveo; J. M. Casandjian; C. Cecchi; A. Chekhtman; C. C. Cheung; J. Chiang; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; A. de Angelis; F. de Palma; C. D. Dermer; E. Do Couto E Silva; P. S. Drell; D. Dumora; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; W. B. Focke; P. Fortin; Y. Fukazawa; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; I. A. Grenier; L. Guillemot; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; Y. Hanabata; A. K. Harding; M. Hayashida; K. Hayashi; E. Hays; G. Jóhannesson; A. S. Johnson; T. Kamae; H. Katagiri; J. Kataoka; M. Kerr; Jürgen Knödlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; L. Latronico; S.-H. Lee; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; P. Martin; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. Mcenery; J. Mehault; P. F. Michelson; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; M. Naumann-Godo; P. L. Nolan; J. P. Norris; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; M. Ozaki; D. Paneque; D. Parent; M. Pesce-Rollins; M. Pierbattista; F. Piron; M. Pohl; D. Prokhorov; S. Rainò; R. Rando; M. Razzano; T. Reposeur; S. Ritz; P. M. Saz Parkinson; C. Sgrò; E. J. Siskind; P. D. Smith; P. Spinelli; A. W. Strong; H. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; J. G. Thayer; J. B. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; A. Tramacere; E. Troja; Y. Uchiyama; J. Vandenbroucke; V. Vasileiou; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; A. P. Waite; P. Wang; B. L. Winer; K. S. Wood; Z. Yang; S. Zimmer; Sylvain Bontemps

doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1210311

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A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble

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A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble

Markus Ackermann, Marco Ajello, A. Allafort, Luca Baldini, Jean Ballet, Guido Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, A. Belfiore, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, …

Science, Vol.334, p.1103

11/2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1210311

Abstract

The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population.

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Title: A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble
Creators - without role: Markus Ackermann - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Marco Ajello - Stanford University
A. Allafort - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Luca Baldini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
Jean Ballet - Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
Guido Barbiellini - University of Trieste
D. Bastieri - University of Padua
A. Belfiore - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
R. Bellazzini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
B. Berenji - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
R. D. Blandford - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. D. Bloom - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Bonamente - University of Perugia
A. W. Borgland - Stanford University
E. Bottacini - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Brigida - Polytechnic University of Bari
Pascal Bruel - École Polytechnique
R. Buehler - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Buson - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
G. A. Caliandro - Institute of Space Sciences
R. A. Cameron - Stanford University
P. A. Caraveo - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
J. M. Casandjian - Université Paris Cité
C. Cecchi - University of Perugia
A. Chekhtman
C. C. Cheung - National Academy of Sciences
J. Chiang - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
S. Ciprini - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
R. Claus - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. Cohen-Tanugi - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
A. de Angelis - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F. de Palma - Polytechnic University of Bari
C. D. Dermer - United States Naval Research Laboratory
E. Do Couto E Silva
P. S. Drell - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
D. Dumora - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
C. Favuzzi - Polytechnic University of Bari
S. J. Fegan - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
W. B. Focke - Stanford University
P. Fortin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Y. Fukazawa - Hiroshima University
P. Fusco - Polytechnic University of Bari
F. Gargano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
S. Germani - University of Perugia
N. Giglietto - Polytechnic University of Bari
F. Giordano - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. Giroletti - Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
T. Glanzman - Stanford University
G. Godfrey - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
I. A. Grenier - CEA Paris-Saclay
L. Guillemot - Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
S. Guiriec - University of Alabama in Huntsville
D. Hadasch - Institute of Space Sciences
Y. Hanabata - Hiroshima University
A. K. Harding - Goddard Space Flight Center
M. Hayashida - Stanford University
K. Hayashi - Hiroshima University
E. Hays - Goddard Space Flight Center
G. Jóhannesson - University of Iceland
A. S. Johnson - Stanford University
T. Kamae - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
H. Katagiri - Ibaraki University
J. Kataoka - Waseda University
M. Kerr - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Jürgen Knödlseder - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M. Kuss - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
J. Lande - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. Latronico - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
S.-H. Lee - Kyoto University
F. Longo - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste
F. Loparco - Polytechnic University of Bari
B. Lott - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
M. N. Lovellette - United States Naval Research Laboratory
P. Lubrano - University of Perugia
P. Martin - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
M. N. Mazziotta - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari
J. E. Mcenery - University of Maryland, College Park
J. Mehault - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
P. F. Michelson - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
W. Mitthumsiri - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
T. Mizuno - Hiroshima University
C. Monte - Polytechnic University of Bari
M. E. Monzani - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Morselli - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata
I. V. Moskalenko - Stanford University
S. Murgia - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
M. Naumann-Godo - CEA Paris-Saclay
P. L. Nolan - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. P. Norris - Boise State University
E. Nuss - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
T. Ohsugi - Hiroshima University
A. Okumura - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
E. Orlando - Stanford University
J. F. Ormes - University of Denver
M. Ozaki - Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
D. Paneque - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
D. Parent - George Mason University
M. Pesce-Rollins - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
M. Pierbattista - Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
F. Piron - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
M. Pohl - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
D. Prokhorov
S. Rainò - Polytechnic University of Bari
R. Rando - University of Padua
M. Razzano - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
T. Reposeur - Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis Bordeaux
S. Ritz - University of California, Santa Cruz
P. M. Saz Parkinson - University of California, Santa Cruz
C. Sgrò - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
E. J. Siskind - Real Time Tomography
P. D. Smith - The Ohio State University
P. Spinelli - Polytechnic University of Bari
A. W. Strong - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
H. Takahashi - Hiroshima University
T. Tanaka - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. G. Thayer - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
J. B. Thayer - Stanford University
D. J. Thompson - Goddard Space Flight Center
L. Tibaldo - Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
D. F. Torres - Institute of Space Sciences
G. Tosti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
A. Tramacere - Stanford University
E. Troja - University of Iceland
Y. Uchiyama - Stanford University
J. Vandenbroucke - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
V. Vasileiou - Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
G. Vianello - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
V. Vitale - Boise State University
A. P. Waite - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
P. Wang - Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
B. L. Winer - The Ohio State University
K. S. Wood - United States Naval Research Laboratory
Z. Yang - AlbaNova
S. Zimmer - AlbaNova
Sylvain Bontemps - Université de Bordeaux
Publication Details: Science, Vol.334, p.1103
Identifiers: 9940108009311
Academic Unit: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - LUPM
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Local Fields: hal-00651320