Abstract
A comprehensive study has been made to predict the adsorption structures and 31P NMR chemical shifts of various trialkylphosphine oxides (R3PO) probe molecules, viz., trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO), triethylphosphine oxide (TEPO), tributylphosphine oxide (TBPO), and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), by density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on 8T zeolite cluster models with varied Si-H bond lengths. A linear correlation between the 31P chemical shifts and proton affinity (PA) was observed for each of the homologous R3PO probe molecules examined. It is found that the differences in 31P chemical shifts of the R3POH+ adsorption complexes, when referring to the corresponding chemical shifts in their crystalline phase, may be used not only in identifying Brønsted acid sites with varied acid strengths but also in correlating the 31P NMR data obtained from various R3PO probes. Such a chemical shift difference therefore can serve as a quantitative measure during acidity characterization of solid acid catalysts when utilizing 31P NMR of various adsorbed R3PO, as proposed in our earlier report (Zhao; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 4462) and also illustrated herein by using a mesoporous H-MCM-41 aluminosilicate (Si/Al ) 25) test adsorbent. It is indicative that, with the exception of (TMPO), variations in the alkyl chain length of the R3PO (R ) CnH2n+1; n g 2) probe molecules have only negligible effect on the 31P chemical shifts (within experimental error of ca. 1-2 ppm) either in their crystalline bulk or in their corresponding R3POH+ adsorption complexes. Consequently, an average offset of 8 ( 2 ppm was observed for 31P chemical shifts of adsorbed R3PO with n g 2 relative to TMPO (n ) 1). Moreover, by taking the value of 86 ppm predicted for TMPO adsorbed on 8T cluster models as a threshold for superacidity (Zheng; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 4496), a similar threshold 31P chemical shift of ca. 92-94 ppm was deduced for TEPO, TBPO, and TOPO.