Résumé
Nowadays, utilisation of molecules with imaging purposes (MIP) is fully integrated in patient’s therapeutic journey. Whether they are used in the hospital when given to a patient or in vitro on a biological sample, these molecules aim to highlight physiological or pathological phenomena. MIP can either be small or complex organic molecules e.g. functionalised antibodies, that have the ability to emit a detectable signal once bound to their biological targets. Depending on their purposes, i.e. in vivo or in vitro utilisation, MIP development will require the fulfilment of specific prerequisites for their use. Classically, the research and development (R&D) of a new therapeutic drug (and therefore a new MIP) is achieved through the prism of the medicinal chemistry, an interdisciplinary research field at the interface between organic chemistry, radiochemistry, analytical chemistry, physics, biology and biochemistry. This wide diversity of knowledge and skills involved can be explained by the fact that the R&D of a new therapeutic drug is the result of an extensive work “from bench to bedside”, that starts with the optimisation of a new molecule that will be granted a biological and therapeutic function, whilst ensuring it does not show any deleterious side effects for the patient. The development of new MIP aims to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the commonly used whilst increasing the quality of the signal and/or allow the detection of earlier stages of a disease. This last is particularly important with the emergence of the personalised diagnosis that allows for both a better and a faster patient care and an earlier diagnosis of patient’s disease. This work aims to summarise the state-of-art’s synthesis and screening strategies used in the R&D of new MIP.