Résumé
Oral Immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising therapy in peanuts allergy. Nevertheless, it seems to be associated with an increased risk of severe reactions and need for epinephrine. We wanted to verify whether the protocol used in the Allergy Unit of the University Hospital of Montpellier has a better efficacy and safety profile compared to the results of published clinical trials. Methods: for this retrospective study, we collected data from patients treated with peanuts OIT in the allergy units of the hospitals of Montpellier and Millau, to verify both the efficacy and safety of our protocol. Results: we included 22 patients who started the protocol between September 2018 and July 2020. Among those who completed the protocol, 83.3% of the patients underwent an oral food challenge at a dose of 4000 mg of peanut protein, after 6 months of maintenance at a dose of 2000 mg. We observed anaphylaxis in 5.3% of the population, and epinephrine was injected only once. Conclusion: in terms of efficacy, our results align with the best ones currently available in the literature. On the contrary, in terms of safety, our data show a much better profile than that proposed in other clinical trials. This safety profile is probably related to the slow increases in doses, that might allow the immune system to adapt to the allergen, but such hypothesis needs to be validated through a prospective multicenter study.