Résumé
School medicine is unknown for the public, and even among health professionals. However, its structure and agents have a unique purpose concerning the school institution. For this study, I realized interviews (mean duration around one hour and forty-five minutes) with ten out of the eighteen school doctors working in Hérault, France. These interviews have taken place from March 14th to April 4th. They have been transcripted by using Trint internet site, then analyzed alongside notes I had written during a six months long participating observation. A politically stable State tends to protect itself. In order to do so, it uses a strategy consisting in legitimizing the social order to make it look natural, therefore undeniable. To compensate the desacralization of school institution, the State uses an adaptative sacralization of School in order to preserve the meritocratic ideal. This is one of the purposes of school medicine. This method aims to fight the risk of internal anomie and the burst of failures out of the institution social meritocracy might generate. Therefore, school doctors work to maintain social peace, institutional disempowerment and repair the meritocratic veneer as soon as the veneer begins to crackle, though disclose the unfairness of inequalities.