Résumé
Regular physical activity is known to be a protective factor in the prevention of many chronic diseases. Adapted physical activity also has a beneficial effect on mental health, age-related dementias, body weight and general wellbeing. The support and promotion of physical activity by health professionals is a major public health issue. The practice of intensive weight training engages the body in an energy-consuming process, which introduces the practitioner to the need to increase his intake of macro and micronutrients to improve his recovery, and often requires the use of food supplements to achieve this. Honey, royal jelly, pollen, propolis and bee venom are natural products that have been used since ancient times for their benefits on health. Their nutritional value makes them the dietary supplements of choice for athletes, but their actual effectiveness in the practice of bodybuilding has not been highlighted. In the framework of this thesis, we propose to question the current scientific literature using PubMed, ResearchGate, WorldWideScience and Google scholar to determine the effectiveness of the different beehive products in the improvement of physical performance, the risk prevention and the treatment of pathologies resulting from the practice of bodybuilding. Our research includes in vitro and in vivo studies to explain the theoretical mechanisms of action of these products on the musculoskeletal system, as well as studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of these products in bodybuilding practitioners. Beehive products have been shown to be effective in both in vitro and in vivo models. On humans, honey may reduce muscle fatigue and recovery times. Studies on pollen support its use in improving muscle strength and reducing physical fatigue. Royal jelly appears to increase the body's antioxidant capacity, IGF-1 concentrations, and serum testosterone concentrations, which would be in favor of use to reduce physical fatigue and increase muscle strength. Propolis could reduce muscle fatigue and thus increase the volume of work. Additional studies would confirm these results, which are still in their infancy, but it is not in the economic interest of manufacturers to carry out costly studies on products that are already largely used and are not patentable.