Résumé
Major depressive disorder is a common, multi-factorial and polymorphic condition, the treatment of which can sometimes be difficult. In a context where mental health is becoming a major public health concern, having a wide range of therapeutic options available is essential; mycotherapy could soon become part of them. This thesis comprises three parts: first, an inventory of knowledge on depressive disorder and its treatments. Then, two of its prospective mycotherapeutic approaches, namely Hericium erinaceus and psilocybe species as well as their respective bioactive molecules. Hericium erinaceus is a mushroom with multiple medicinal properties: its neuroprotective effect and advantageous tolerance profile make this species’ therapeutic use potentially relevant against depression. Although their use is currently illegal in France, mushrooms of the genus psilocybe possess antidepressant properties that can potentially be used in a medical context. These two mushroom genera, along with many other species, could benefit from future integration into our health system, and thus complete the range of therapeutic options for depressive disorders.