Résumé
Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved in its pathophysiology. Recent studies highlight the key role of the gut microbiota in regulating glucose homeostasis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with type 2 diabetes alter the metabolic and immune functions of the microbiota, contributing to metabolic abnormalities. Diet is a major modulator of gut microbiota composition and activity. An unbalanced hypercaloric diet promotes deleterious dysbiosis, whereas a fiber-rich diet has beneficial effects. Modulation of the gut microbiota through nutrition and other approaches thus represents a promising therapeutic strategy in type 2 diabetes manage.