Résumé
The Mediterranean diet, traditionally known for its cardiovascular health benefits, now reveals potential in the prevention and management of mental health and neurodegenerative diseases. Inspired by Hippocrates' wisdom: "all disease begins in the gut", this thesis attempts to demonstrate the importance of good adherence to the Mediterranean diet in managing patients with or at risk of developing depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. To ensure an interdisciplinary approach, through a comparative analysis of four Mediterranean countries (France, Spain, Morocco, and Greece), we first examine the influence of socio-cultural factors on adherence to the Mediterranean diet. We then address its impact on the prevalence of the studied diseases, while emphasizing the relevance of the community pharmacist's role in patient nutrition education and support. Thus, to what extent can we optimize the preventive effects of the Mediterranean diet to make it a pillar in the management of mental health disorders?