Résumé
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the bronchi (hence hyperreactivity, bronchoconstriction and hypersecretion of mucus). The majority of patients are uncontrolled and present an intermittent to mild persistent form. This thesis is a literature review of therapies for asthma, and more particularly of monoclonal antibodies available at community pharmacies. The phenotypical and endotypical heterogeneity of asthma, as well as the multifactorial nature of its pathogenesis, require treatment to be adapted. The cornerstone of non-biological therapies for asthma is the inhalation of a corticosteroid combined with a long-acting bronchodilator; that complementary of biological therapies is the injection of a monoclonal antibody with anti-eosinophilic activity (anti-IgE, anti-IL-4R, -5 and -5R). These antibodies are currently reserved for severe asthmatics who are not controlled and are observant (high economic cost) and who present with allergic or non-allergic eosinophilic inflammation (ineffective in neutrophilic inflammation). These are the limitations of these treatments. Effective in 25% of severe asthmatics, they show few adverse effects (excluding headaches and reactions at the injection site), few drug interactions, and allow a strong improvement in asthma control and life quality of patients if successful. However, the human factor remains central in the management of asthma, hence the major positive impact on the control of the disease of the community pharmacist’s missions (monitoring of patients, control and promotion of compliance, therapeutic education, advice).