Résumé
Multiple myeloma, a malignant disease that involves the abnormal growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow, is the second most common malignant pathology and represents 1% of cancers. Considered incurable in 2004, the 5-year survival rate of patients treated between 2010 and 2015 increased to 60%, notably thanks to the development of new treatments. However, to slow the development of the disease and counteract resistance to treatments, new therapeutic strategies are required. Epigenetic modification catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNA methylation is modified in the context of multiple myeloma involving localized hypermethylation responsible for the silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) and global hypomethylation involving the expression of oncogenes. This alteration, having a significant impact on the pathogenicity of multiple myeloma, led to the development of therapies that aimed at restoring DNA methylation levels, such as DNMT inhibitors, allowing the restoration of the expression of TSG. These DNMT inhibitors could modulate the epigenome of tumor cells and inhibit their growth. Particularly when used in combination, they could be an effective means of combat. The present document aims at exploring the relevance of this therapeutic axis.