Résumé
Aim: pregnancy in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still associated with an increased risk of complications despite improved medical care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy planning on fetal and maternal outcomes in T1D women treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) before pregnancy. Methods: we retrospectively assessed pregnancy outcomes in T1D women treated by CSII before pregnancy who were followed in the Department of Diabetes in University Hospitals of Montpellier (France) or Padova (Italy) and gave birth between 2002 and 2017. We analyzed the medical records of 99 women. Results: 73 (73.7%) pregnancies had been planned. HbA1c levels were significantly lower before and during the whole pregnancy when it was planned (all p<0.01). Pregnancy planning reduced the age-adjusted risk of preterm birth (RR= 0.69 [0.50; 0.98] p<0.05). The risk reduction remained after adjustments for mother’s age above 40 years, high blood pressure or preeclampsia which were identified as confounding factors. Higher HbA1c levels in the first, the second and the third trimester were significantly associated with preterm birth (respective RR= 2.5 [1.13; 5.6], RR = 3.63 [1.30; 10.1] and RR= 3.96 [1.61; 9.756]; all p<0.05). Premature newborns were significantly more often admitted in intensive care unit than those born at healthy term (40% vs 13.2% p<0.05). Conclusions: pregnancy planning in T1D women treated by CSII was associated with improved glycemic control during pregnancy and a significant reduction in premature delivery. Hence, it looks valuable to encourage the planning through education programs of T1D pregnancies even in women using CSII. Remaining impaired outcomes in planned pregnancies could be minimized by new biomarkers of glucose control applied to the follow-up of diabetic pregnancies.