Résumé
Systematic screening program for breast cancer started in France more than fifteen years ago, but its impact on mortality is frequently questioned. The general practitioner is at the core of this program, driving women towards getting a mammogram or not. Controversies about this screening program, based on several cohort studies, question potential "overdiagnosis" and "overtreatments" that could lead to consequent morbidity (mutilation, secondary cancer, psychological problems), leading to the possibility of a iatrognenic screening. A consensus has emerged in favor of organized screening if limited to a specific age group (50 to 74 years old women). On the other hand, the positive opinion about mammogram screening, lead by the colorful campaign of "Pink October" doesn’t seems to be affected by these controversies. In this thesis, we are interested in how women perceive mammogram proposals, screening, and Breast Cancer Awareness month campaigns, by interviewing a set of women targeted by this program in a semi directive manner. We will try to explicit why breast cancer screening with mammograms persists in an age category where it should not (before 50 without any risk factor) by studying representations that women have about screening in general, as well as the socio-economic dynamics that motivates it.