Résumé
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease transmitted by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused a deadly pandemic in early 2020. While rapidly developed vaccines have improved control of the pandemic, individuals with little or no response to vaccination are still at significant risk of developing severe forms of the disease. The development of several monoclonal antibodies directed against the Spike protein of the virus has been an essential approach to transfer humoral immunity in these individuals. However, the appearance of diffrents variants of SARS-CoV-2 such as Alpha, Delta and especially Omicron have undermined the neutralization capacity of these antibodies against this virus. Indeed, many mutations located generally within the epitope of these antibodies have made them ineffective. The objective of this thesis is to understand the mechanisms behind this loss of activity in order to project the interest of these therapies in the aftermath of the pandemic.