Résumé
This thesis is made up of two parts, which are more or less independent. Parts I deals with uniformisation ``à la Cerednik'' of the so-called ``Laumon, Rapoport and Stuhler varieties''. In part II, the results obtained are applied to the local Langlands correspondence in order to prove Drinfeld-Carayol's conjecture. Finally, an appendix is dedicated to the theory of l-adic cohomology for Berkovich's analytic spaces.