Abstract
This thesis deals with the synthesis and the physico-chemical study of new surfactants used as tools for holding membrane proteins in aqueous media. A first part presents the existing methods that allow the manipulation of the membrane proteins and describes the current issues encountered which lead to its denaturation. In a second chapter, the synthesis of a hemifluorinated lipid with a specific ligand is presented in order to form a film of Langmuir. The stability and fluidity of the monolayer lipid is monitored and used in experiments of cristallisation 2D following the interfacial concept on the recombinant membrane protein SUR1 « his tag » keep soluble in water with hydrocarbonated detergents. The third part defines the term associated to facial amphiphile and presents a synthesis by « click chemistry » of glucosidic surfactants with an aromatic core persubstitued. The alternated and selective substitution on 1,3,5 and 2,4,6 positions of the aromatic ring by respectively hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails induces a facial segregation. The last chapter concerns the study of facial amphiphiles behavior and its physico-chemical properties in aqueous solution by using several methods : tensiometry, dynamic diffusion light scattering, HPLC,...