Résumé
This thesis focuses on the elaboration of all-ionic porous materials composed of ionosilica, ionic liquids and polymeric ionic liquids for enhanced material performance. The primary objective is to explore the design, synthesis, and characterization of ionosilica-based materials, focusing on two key systems: binary ionosilica composites templated by ionic liquids (ILs) and ternary ionosilica composites incorporating polymeric ionic liquids (PIL) as well. The first part of this thesis centers on the synthesis of binary ionosilica composites, where IL is confined within the ionosilica (IS) matrix. A key aspect is the optimization of a novel hydrolytic sol-gel synthesis pathway for ionosilica ionogel films and a comparison with the traditional non-hydrolytic synthesis route. The influence of the IL content during the sol-gel process is thoroughly investigated. Through a systematic comparison of hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic synthesis routes, this study aims to comprehensively characterize the resulting porosity using advanced multi-scale analysis techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen sorption, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). Additionally, the study examines how pore characteristics (size, shape, volume fraction) depend on synthesis conditions, particularly the ionic liquid content. The second part delves into the more complex ternary ionosilica composites, where PIL is incorporated alongside IL within the ionosilica matrix. Using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and nitrogen sorption, this work investigates the conformation and spatial distribution of PIL chains in various solvents and within the ionosilica composite structure. The research aims to elucidate how PIL interacts with the ionosilica matrix during synthesis, and also provides crucial details about how its conformation is influenced by different solvents and conditions, as well as the resulting impact on the overall nanostructure of the composite material. Special attention is given to the effectof PIL incorporation on the pore structure, surface area, and integration within the ionosilica framework. By exploring different synthesis pathways and polymer-solvent interactions, this study aims to understand how PIL modifies the nanostructure and enhances material performance.Through the combination of innovative synthetic strategies with a comprehensive analysis of the resulting nanostructures, this thesis aims to offer new insights into the design and optimization of ionosilica-based materials for advanced functional applications.