Abstract
Cereals are staple foods in most African countries. Numerous African cereal-based foods are spontaneously fermented. As the nutritional quality of cereal products could be enhanced through spontaneous fermentation, these food products might be good sources of micronutrients. However, various micronutrients deficiencies, such as folate deficiency, are still common in many African countries where these food products are consumed. Folate deficiency leads to different pathologies, such as megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional potential of the microbiota of ben-saalga, a traditional pearl-millet-based fermented food from Burkina Faso. Genes encoding enzymes involved in different nutritional activities were screened in 50 metagenomes extracted from samples collected in Ouagadougou. Certain genes were never detected in the metagenomes (e.g. genes involved in carotenoid synthesis) while other were frequently detected (e.g. genes involved in folate synthesis). In spite of the high rate of detection (80%) of both genes folP and folK, encoding enzymes involved in folate synthesis, the folate content in ben-saalga was rather low (median: 0.5 µg/100g fresh weight basis). To better understand the impact of the fermentation on the folate content of ben-saalga, the evolution of the folate content was measured during the fermentation of porridges produced in laboratory. The fermentation had no significant impact on the folate content, which may be due to a balance between folate auxotrophy and prototrophy. In order to produce pearl-millet based fermented porridges with higher folate content, starter cultures of folate-producing microorganisms were used to inoculate porridges in laboratory. We obtained a porridge with 10 µg of folate/100 g of fresh weight basis, which is significantly higher than the folate content of ben-saalga produced in Burkina Faso, but still too low knowing that ben-saalga is frequently used as a complementary food for children under five in Burkina Faso.