Abstract
The zinc oxide is a promising material for the realization of optoelectronic devices in the blue-UV range. For this, it is necessary to develop hetero-structures such as ZnO / (Zn, Mg) O quantum wells in order to have better control of the properties of emissions. This work concerns the characterization of such structures grown on the A-plane (non-polar surface) of bulk ZnO. From optical spectroscopies measurements (reflectivity, continuous wave and time-resolved photoluminescence) we determined the various physical phenomena involve during the radiative recombination of the carriers in these quantum wells. At first, we studied in detail the emission of photons by the barriers of (Zn, Mg) O. Thanks to the study in temperature we showed that the optical emission of the barrier corresponds to the recombination of electron hole pairs in interactions (excitons), which are at low temperatures localized in the fluctuations of the potential. Under the influence of the temperature they delocalize and recombine as free exciton. From the detailed study of the temporal decays of photoluminescence we can demonstrate that we deal with two different excitonic states, which present different dynamics of recombination. A model is proposed that explain the various observations. The main part of this work concerns the behavior of the excitons in the quantum well. The major result is the experimental demonstration that excitonics complexes are formed at low temperature, negatively charged trion (exciton in interaction with a free electron), in this system and they are responsible for the observed luminescence. Furthermore, by varying the density of excitation we showed that biexcitons are also form (pseudo-particles formed by two excitons in interactions). The behavior in temperature of the photoluminescence obtained in different conditions of excitation demonstrates that under the influence of the thermal energy the exitonic complexes are broken to create free excitons. Measures according to the polarization of the emitted light and the temperature also allowed studying the C state of the exciton in the quantum well. The dynamics of recombination of the various excitonics complexes are examined according to the temperature.