Résumé
Pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous system lead to sensory and motor deficiencies that can not always be rehabilitated by classical therapies such as surgery and medication. For a long time, functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been known to be able to activate, modulate or inhibit targeted neural structures, either neurons or axons. Well-known applications such as pacemaker, deep brain stimulation for parkinson tremor inhibition, and cochlear implant demonstrate great results.<br /><br />To restore more complex sensory and motor functions such as movement or vision, neuroprostheses may provide for non rectangular stimulus shapes and may drive multipolar electrodes. They have also to spread over multiple target sites. This document describes the new architecture I propose in order to fulfil these requirements.<br /><br />For understanding these issues, modelling is useful. Then, simulation, movement synthesis and control, signal processing, can support the research developments and can help to evaluate the effect of neuroprostheses. I give some theoretical results in this domain, particularly on muscle modeling and movement synthesis and control for spinal cord injured patients.